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Biological characterstics
Due to its rapid growth, and its ability to reproduce from buried rhizomes and tubers, the uncontrolled spread of the Jerusalem artichoke is facilitated. The vegetative propagules can be transported via rivers and water streams and begin a new population on riverbanks. Dispersal by animal is also possible, as animals feed on tubers and rhizomes and excrete the propagules in new areas. With the cultivation by humans there is additionally a risk of unintended escape of the Jerusalme artichocke into the wild. The reproduction of Jerusalem artichoke through seeds is also possible. Its relatively long flower period enables the plant to increase its reproductive potential.

Origins and distribution
Once originated in North America the Jerusalem artichoke can now be found in several countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. In Central Europe it is one of the most expanding invasive plant species. It can grow in many geoclimatic regions and different type of soils. However, Jerusalem artichoke prefers moist habitats and seems to be less tolerant of dry conditions.

Suppression of native plant species
Because of its ecological and biological attributes, the Jerusalem artichoke is highly competitive to other plant species. For instance, the carbohydrates in the tubers serve as an energy source for a rapid growth in spring. The plant expands rapidly and creates shading, which has a suppressing effect on neighbouring plants. Therefore the risk of outcompeting and repressing of the growth of native plants is increased.