User:Broadleys/sandbox

♥ This is my sandbox! I am going to practice Wiki editing here! ♥

Panic Attacks Article Editing
https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/15/3/403/721159

This source has information about different pharmacological treatments for panic attacks. I want to add a section or at least add a section under the “Treatments” heading about this. There’s information in here about SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclics, MAOIs, and benzodiazepines. It also includes information about risks associated with these medications. I probably won’t include the side effects for some of the milder drugs, although I do want to mention what they affect, how long it takes, and how to know which is right for you. I do want to mention the danger of benzodiazepines because they can be very addictive and risky for certain people to use and should be taken with care.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628173/

This source has a lot of information. They have some statistics about the prevalence of panic attacks and anxiety disorders in the U.S. and in Europe, although they are at least five years old so I may use a different source. I want to add information to the “Epidemiology” section because it’s very small right now. There is also a lot of information about how anxiety is viewed, and I think I could use it to add lots of information to the diagnosis section. I also think it will be useful in adding to the causes and treatments for panic attacks.

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462012000500003

This source offers a “staging model” of anxiety. It shows how anxiety can progress from the beginning stages all the way to the panic attacks. I think this may be good to add under the “Causes” section. If I gather enough information about models, I may also make it its own section because I feel like information about how the psychological community conceptualizes and understands panic attacks is important. This source also mentions that all the theories about things that cause panic attacks may just be correlational, and points to how panic attacks could actually cause them to happen instead, which is the opposite viewpoint.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1444835/

This source has statistics about the prevalence of panic disorder and agoraphobia, although the article is from 2006 so I may need to find a newer source. It includes information about comorbid disorders that I could use to add onto the existing information. It examines the effectiveness of CBT and suggests something called “lifestyle management” may be beneficial. Unlike the other articles, this one says that benzodiazepines should not be used and talks about the ineffectiveness. I think I will talk about how the medical community is still split on this, although there is more and more evidence pointing towards the harmful effects of the drug use.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515914/

This article explains some of the populations that panic attacks are common in and discusses comorbidity. Instead of just talking about comorbidity with other anxiety disorders and depression, this one includes information about personality disorders as well. It has information about CBT and drug treatments, as well as alternative ones. It also includes information about neurotransmitters that I would like to add. It also goes into non-response and how to handle treatment when it doesn’t seem to be working. I may or may not include this information, but I will if it seems relevant to anything else I add. It includes information about special populations and panic disorder, which might be a good sentence to add here or there.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2760657/

This article details the usefulness of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS). From a quick search it seems like there isn’t one specific scale used for diagnosing panic disorder, but it looks like many people use this one. If this is the requirement to be diagnosed in some cases, I want to look at how well it aligns with the DSM-V’s criteria for panic disorder/attacks and how useful it is. I may find another source detailing a different scale so as to not present the readers with only one.

list of sources:
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628173/
 * https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/15/3/403/721159
 * http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462012000500003
 * https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/646264
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1444835/
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515914/
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430973/
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2536545/
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3071090/
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1958997/
 * http://psycnet.apa.org/record/1988-97293-004

suggestions for changes:
 * 1) The introduction could flow better. I might reword it so that it flows better and sounds more cohesive rather than like each sentence was written by a different person.
 * 2) Add onto the Diagnosis section. Maybe add info about scales/models.
 * 3) Causes section could be turned into a paragraph. There's a lot of information on each bullet point so it looks a bit weird
 * 4) Add more into the Epidemiology section.
 * 5) Take out the "experimentally-induced" section under Causes. Perhaps give it its own section ("Research"?) or just put it somewhere else. It's not really technically a natural cause.
 * 6) There's no mention of neurotransmitters, even though they're a big part of panic attacks. Something about changes in the body process might be a good section.
 * 7) I'll also go through and check the links to see if the sources still work/are actually good. Some things needed citations too so I'll maybe hunt down sources for some of the existing stuff already in the article.

Editing Practice
Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, and/or a feeling that something bad is going to happen. There may be a fear of losing control or chest pain. Panic attacks themselves are not dangerous physically. The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes. They can vary in duration from seconds to minutes, and even hours in extreme cases.

Panic attacks can occur due to number of disorders including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, drug use disorder, depression, and medical problems. They can either be triggered or occur unexpectedly. Smoking and psychological stress increase one's risk of having a panic attack. Before diagnosis, conditions that can produce similar symptoms should be ruled out, such as hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, heart disease, lung disease, and drug use.

Treatment of panic attacks should be directed at the underlying cause. In those with frequent attacks, counselling or medications may be used. Breathing training and muscle relaxation techniques may also help. Those affected are at a higher risk of suicide.

In Europe about 3% of the population has a panic attack in a given year while in the United States they affect about 11%. They are more common in females than males. They often begin during puberty or early adulthood. Children and older people are less commonly affected.