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Fenian support for land agitation was based on the premise that the British parliament was a "parliament of landlords" and would not act against their interests. Therefore, land agitation would eventually challenge the union.

Julia Morrissey was the leader of Cumann na mBan in Galway, a participant in the Easter Rising, the Irish War of Independence, and the Irish Civil War, and a close friend of Liam Mellows.

She was from Cahercrin in County Galway. As a young unmarried woman, she was typical of other Cumann na mBan activists when the Athenry chapter of Cumann na mBan was founded in January 1914 and she became its leader.

On the Thursday preceding the Easter Rising, Morrissey and Bridget Walsh, another Cumann na mBan member, carried messages from Mellows to Thomas Clarke and Sean MacDiarmada in Dublin, and carried a package from Micheal Hanrahan back to Galway, possibly containing a revolver, ammunition, or a uniform.

Following the end of the Civil War, she entered the Ballinasloe Asylum in the 1930s where she stayed until her death. She received no decorations and no pension, due to errors in filling out pension forms. Because she had no close family when she died in 1974, no one added an inscription to her parents' plot in the Dominican Abbey of Athenry where she was buried. A headstone was placed at her grave in 2017.