User:Bulakhs/Simovych Vasyl Ivanovych

Vasyl Ivanovych Simovych (March 9, 1880, Hadynkivtsi, Husiatyn Raion, Ternopil Oblast - March 13, 1944, Lviv) was a Ukrainian linguist, philologist and cultural figure, active member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society (since 1923). Pseudonyms: Vernyvolia V., Simartych, Vasahen.

Biography
He was born in a large family. He received primary education in his village and then at the Stanyslavska Classical Gymnasium (Ivano-Frankivsk) in 1899. He entered Chernivtsi University at the Faculty of Philosophy, majoring in "Ukrainian, Slavic and Classical Philology". He became the best student of Stepan Smal-Stotsky.

1902—1903 — co-editor of Revolutionary Ukrainian Party publications published in Chernivtsi (magazines Haslo, Selianyn, etc.) and the newspaper Bukovyna. He was a member of the V. Association, a group of compilers of the "German-Ukrainian Dictionary" published in Chernivtsi in 1912 under the leadership of Kmitsykevych Volodymyr.

1914—1918 — an employee of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine. Together with S. Smal-Stotsky, B. Lepky, and A. Chaikovskyi, he conducted cultural and educational activities in the camps of Ukrainian prisoners of war (which were located in such cities of Germany and Austria-Hungary as Rastatt, Wetzlar, Salzwedel, Freistadt). The group organized courses for the illiterate, reading rooms, theatre troupes, and three-grade folk schools. Vasyl Simovych taught the basics of psychology, ancient Ukrainian literature, logic, and the history of pedagogy in the newly created universities. It was while teaching in the camps that "Practical Grammar of the Ukrainian Language" (1918) was published, which in the 2nd edition (1920) absorbed the elements of scientific grammar.

1920—1923 — editor of Yakiv Orenshtain's "Ukrainska Nakladnia" (Berlin).

1923—1933 — professor at the Drahomanov Ukrainian Higher Pedagogical Institute in Prague (1925 — vice-rector, head of the Ukrainian language department).

In 1939, he became a professor and head of the Ukrainian language department at the University of Lviv. In July 1941, he was elected rector, but the German occupation authorities did not allow him to continue the university's activities.

During the difficult war years of 1942-1943, V. Simovych headed the Scientific Fund under the Ukrainian Central Committee to help talented young students continue their higher education at the universities of Prague, Vienna, and Berlin.

1941—1944 — editor of "Ukrainian Publishing House".

He died on March 13, 1944, in Lviv. He was buried at Lychakiv Cemetery (field 5, central alley) next to his wife, Isidora Simovych.

Linguistics
Area of interests:


 * Ukrainian historical anthroponymy
 * morphology, phonetics of the Ukrainian language
 * orthography problems
 * language culture and stylistics
 * history of literary language

In 1911, the work "Didactics. Supplemented with the basics of logic" by S. Kanyuk, to which V. Simovych added a dictionary of psychological, logical, and didactic terms. Since 1916, he has published the following manuals: «Pouka dlia korektoriv» (1916), «Korotenka ukrainska pravopys» (1917), «Yak staty poukrainskomu hramotnym» (1919), which contain information on Ukrainian orthoepy, orthography, morphology, syntax, designed for language acquisition as soon as possible.

Vasyl Simovych was a participant in the First Congress of Slavic Philologists in Prague (1929), the Congress of Phonologists in Prague (1930), the International Linguistic Congress in Geneva (1931), and the Congress of Classical Slavic Philologists (1931).

In addition, the scientist participated in the work of the Prague Linguistic Circle, the Ukrainian Historical and Philological Society in Prague, and was a member of the section of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kyiv.

Membership in the Prague Linguistic Circle and acquaintance with the phonological trend in linguistics influenced the linguistic beliefs of the scientist. He began to apply the phonological method based on Ukrainian linguistics. During this period (1928-1939), the following works were published:


 * 1) «Ukrainske shcho» (1928)
 * 2) «Do morfolohii ukrainskykh prykmetnykiv» (1933)
 * 3) «Problema harmonii skladiv v morfolohii slovianskykh mov» (1938)
 * 4) «Pravopysni systemy Drahomanova» (1932)
 * 5) «Yosyf Yirechek i ukrainska mova» (1932)

V. Simovych was the first Ukrainian phonologist of the Prague trend. However, he combined the ideas of structuralism with the Humboldtian-Potebnian approach to language as a manifestation of the nation's spirituality (this is evidenced by his work «Ridna mova y intelektualnyi rozvii dytyny», which illuminates still relevant issues in sociolinguistics).

The scientist raised the issue of periodization and the formation of spelling. In 1934, a survey for the Ukrainian general encyclopedia was published, in which the author established the following main stages of the spelling system:


 * 1) X—XIV influence of sound processes on written transmission;
 * 2) XVI—XVII stifling of the establishment of the national language by church orthographic traditions;
 * 3) XVIII struggle of traditional and phonetic spelling principles;
 * 4) XIX spelling reforms of Maksymovich, Kulish, Drahomanov;
 * 5) XX normalization of the Ukrainian literary language in 1919, 1927, and 1933. The article traces the struggle of two cultural influences on the Ukrainian language: Byzantine and Western European (Latin), which is explained by the geographical and political conditions of the development of the Ukrainian state.

Publishing
In 1908, a young teacher, Vasyl Simovych, decided to help Ivan Franko in republishing the first novel "Petrii i Dovbushchuky" ( magazine Druh). In the postscript to the story, the writer admits:"'Knowing the flaws of the novel written in my youth, I would not have even thought of reprinting it if it were not for the suggestion of Mr Vasyl Simovych, professor of science. of the seminary from Chernivtsi, who, in 1908, at a time when I was beset by misfortune or happiness, losing control of my hands, through the mediation of D. V. Hnatiuk, asked me for permission to reprint this story in the 'Library for Youth' published by him, which he had there transcribed in phonetic spelling'." In 1920, an organized edition of Ivan Franko's "From the Peaks and Lowlands" was published. In addition to the poems from the collection of the same name, Vasyl Simovych added "Withered Leaves", the best poems from the collections "My Emerald", "The Old and New", «Iz lit moiei molodosti», and the poems "Panski Zharty" and "Velyki rokovyny". A chronological index of Ivan Franko's poetic works was made for the first time.

V. Simovych republished Taras Shevchenko's "Kobzar" (1921). The words of Borys Hrinchenko served as an epigraph to the preface.""In the publication, T. Shevchenko's works are arranged chronologically, and a concise preface is written for almost every work. The auxiliary apparatus ("Contents of "Kobzar" according to the alphabet") was created in the form of an alphabetical index of the poet's works.

Translation activity
Vasyl Simovych's first translation attempt was Leo Tolstoy's novel Resurrection. The work was published in the newspaper "Bukovyna" during 1899-1900, and in 1901, a separate edition called Revival was published in Chernivtsi. In the first decade of the ХХ century. V. Simovich's other translations from Russian literature were also published: M. Gogol's comedy The Government Inspector, M. Gorky's Spring Melodies, V. Korolenko's Easter Night, L. Andreyev's The Seven Who Were Hanged. Their publications were initiated by members of the student society "Sich", whose representatives focused their attention on cultural, educational and scientific work among Bukovyna Ukrainians. The society published Biblioteka, the editor of which was V. Simovych.

Works

 * Сімович В. Рідне письменство: (що кожний українець повинен прочитати з рід. письменства) / др. Василь Сімович. — Відень: Накладом «Вістника політики, літ. й життя», 1918. — 30 с.
 * Др. В.Сімович. Граматика української мови. — Київ-Ляйпціґ, 1919
 * Сімович В. Граматика української мови: для самонавчання та в допомогу шкіл. науці / др. Василь Сімович. — 2-ге вид. з одмінами й додатками. — Київ ; Ляйпціг: Укр. накладня, [19–? . — 583 с. : табл.]
 * Сімович В. На теми мови / др. Василь Сімович. — Прага ; Берлін: Нова Україна, 1924. — 45 с.
 * Сімович В. Хрестоматія з пам'ятників староукраїнської мови (старого й середнього періоду до кінця XVIII стол.). — Прага, 1932.

Sources and bibliography

 * Білоус М., Терлак 3. Василь Сімович. 1880—1944. Життєписно-бібліогр. нарис. — Львів, 1995.
 * Бичко З., Мельничук Б., Пиндус Б., Щербак Л. Сімович Василь Іванович /
 * Дзендзелівський Й. О. Сімович Василь Іванович // Українська мова : енциклопедія / НАН України, Інститут мовознавства ім. О. О. Потебні, Інститут української мови ; ред. В. М. Русанівський [та ін.]. — К. : Українська енциклопедія, 2000.  — ISBN 966-7492-07-9.
 * Сімович Василь // Енциклопедія українознавства : Словникова частина : [в 11 т.] / Наукове товариство імені Шевченка ; гол. ред. проф., д-р Володимир Кубійович. — Париж—Нью-Йорк : Молоде життя, 1955—1995.
 * Луцький О. І. Сімович Василь Іванович // Енциклопедія історії України : у 10 т. / редкол.: В. А. Смолій (голова) та ін. ; Інститут історії України НАН України. — К. : Наукова думка, 2012. — Т. 9 : Прил — С. — С. 577. — 944 с. : іл. — ISBN 978-966-00-1290-5.
 * Сімович Василь Іванович // Українська мова: Енциклопедія / Редкол.: Русанівський В. М., Тараненко О. О. (співголова), М. П. Зяблюк та ін. — 2-ге вид., випр. і доп. — К.: Вид-во «Укр. енцикл.» ім. М. П. Бажана, 2004. — 824 с. — ISBN 966-7492-19-2.
 * Франкіана Василя Сімовича / упоряд.: М. Білоус, З. Терлак; Львів. нац. ун-т ім. І. Франка. — Л., 2005. — 234 c.

Links

 * Сімович Василь Іванович // Шевченківська енциклопедія: — Т.5:Пе—С : у 6 т. / Гол. ред. М. Г. Жулинський.. — Київ : Ін-т літератури ім. Т. Г. Шевченка, 2015. — С. 779-780.
 * Сімович Василь // Українська мала енциклопедія : 16 кн. : у 8 т. / проф. Є. Онацький. — Накладом Адміністратури УАПЦ в Аргентині. — Буенос-Айрес, 1965. — Т. 7, кн. XIV : Літери Сен — Сті. — С. 1744-1745. — 1000 екз.
 * Сімович В. Листування Лесі Українки з Й. Маковеєм: із дод. О. Пчілки та влас. споминів про побут Л. Українки в Чернівцях / Василь Сімович. — Львів: Накладом Вид. кооп. «Хортиця», 1938. — 78 с. : фот.
 * Ольга Шелюх. Принципи наукового редагування Василя Сімовича. (На прикладі видання творів Івана Франка)
 * Козелко І. Р. Лінгвістична термінологія В. Сімовича в контексті граматик кінця ХІХ – першої половини ХХ століття. – Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата філологічних наук за спеціальністю 10.02.01 – українська мова. – Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка. – Львів, 2019.