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The Staveley Coal and Iron Company Limited was an industrial company based in Staveley, near Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England.

History
It exploited local iron ore ironstone quarried from land owned by the Duke of Devonshire on the outskirts of the village of Staveley, Derbyshire, from the 1600s. And by the 17th century, and an iron foundry and furnace was established there.

The Staveley Coal and Iron Co. became a public limited company in 1863-1864. by that time the ironworks was producing 20,000 tons per year. Charles Markham (snr)(1823-1888) took over as managing director and chief engineer in 1863, overseeing a massive expansion in the company, particularly in cast iron pipe production and coal mining. In 1860 Richard Barrow the proprietor of the Iron works persuaded Charles Markham, then locomotive superintendent at the Midland Railway Company in Derby to come to Staveley as a Director and Chief Excutive.

In 1862 he married the daughter of Sir Joseph Paxton MP, Land agent to the Duke of Devonshire & designer of the Crystal Palace.

By 1880 they may have built a few railway locomotives.

In 1894 Charles Paxton Markham, elder son of Charles Markham, was a director from 1894 to 1926. Production had increased to 700,000 tons a year when he took over and by By 1905 production had increased to to 2.5 million tons

They developed into coal mining, owning several collieries and also branching into chemical production, first from those available from coal tar distillation, later to cover a wide and diverse range. Part of the plant at Staveley was a sulphuric acid manufacturing unit making use of the Solvay Process.
 * 1946 The coal industry was nationalised.

Chemicals
The Chemicals business was established in 1873. It was during the years of World War 1 that the company developed its chemical operations beyond coal-tar chemicals and began production of sulphuric and nitric acids. During the war they also made picric acid, TNT and guncotton. Following the end of hostilities the company laid plans to develop a range of chlorinated organics and to this end purchased salt bearing land near Sandbach, Cheshire. The salt was produced by a new company formed specifically for the purpose and named the British Soda Company. The salt being needed to feed a new installation of mercury cells at the Staveley works. The first cells at Staveley came into operation in 1922 and in 1926 they went into partnership with the Krebs Company of Paris and Berlin to develop a new cell, which was based on lessons learned. This was marketed worldwide as the Krebs-Staveley cell. This installation lasted into the late 1950s when the cellroom at Staveley was replaced with German-made mercury cells.

Markham & Co.
The Company bought Markham & Co. from Charles Paxton Markham in 1924. With CP Markham dying in 1926.
 * The firm was building mine windiers (56 build) during this period.
 * Mine Haulers, building 800 per year, allowing ex stock deliver.
 * Tunneling Shields, with 111 built including 30 for London Underground, as well as for te Mersey Tunnel and the Dartford Tunnel under the Thames.
 * The company Built a "Sand Spun" caster for the Iron Works company in 1929-31 under license from the USA.
 * Staveley Coal & Iron Company sold off Markham & Co. in 1937 to John Brown & Co. Ltd for £50,000

Restructuring
In 1960 the Staveley Iron and Chemical Company, which had been taken over by  Stewarts & Lloyds Limited was merged with the Ilkeston-based Stanton Iron Works to form Stanton and Staveley Ltd.
 * 1960 The Staveley Iron and Chemical Co was sold to Stewarts and Lloyds Ltd for six million pounds.

In 1967 Stewarts and Lloyds became part of the nationalised British Steel Corporation, Stanton and Staveley also being incorporated.

Recent developments
By 1980 BSC sold off sections of the site as they divested themselves of non-core activities and by 2007 most of the former works at Staveley has been shut down and cleared.


 * Staveley Industries Plc - Succesor co - HQ is Staveley House, 11 Dingwall Rd., Croydon,, United Kingdom

Products

 * 1937 British Industries Fair Advert for Coal. Pig Iron. Cast Iron Pipes. Sand Spun, Metal Spun and Vertically Cast, Flexible Joints. Tarred Slag. Chemicals and By-products. Salt. Bricks and Tiles. Wood Wool, etc. (Building, General Heating and Cooking Section - Stand Nos. B.613 and B.512).
 * 1961 Iron founders, producers of pig iron, manufacturers of sand spun, metal spun and vertically cast iron pipes and fittings, industrial acids, coal tar products, electrolytic products, light hydrocarbon oils, intermediates for dyestuffs and fine chemical manufacture, coke, wood wool, bricks, producers of moulding sand, ganister, ironstone mine owners. 5,000 employees.

Group Companies

 * Staveley Materials Testing
 * British Salt - Sold April 2000
 * Hall & Kay Fire Engineering, Div of Staveley Industries PLC - MBO Sept 2005

Bi-Water / Clay Cross Company
Biwater was established in 1968 by its current chairman Adrian White CBE. The name Biwater - or two waters - was adopted because of the company’s involvement in the provision of clean water and the treatment of wastewater.

Very early on in its history, Biwater located its offices at Dorking in the UK, giving easy access to London and its two main international airports.

During the past four decades Biwater has grown by expanding its own range of skills and expertise, by acquiring established companies within the water industry and by forming joint ventures with organisations that provide complementary services. In the 1970s Biwater extended its business activities into world markets with successful contracts in Indonesia, Hong Kong, Iraq, Kenya and Malawi. In 1975 the Company won the first of its five prestigious Queen’s Award to Industry for Exports.

To date, Biwater has operated in over 90 countries throughout its history. Today, it has over 30 businesses around the world, each serving clients within their own region and via excellent communication channels and IT networks.

Important Dates in Biwater’s History

2008 				  Biwater's sister company, Cascal, lists on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol 'HOO'.

2006 				  Biwater acquired 100% of Cascal, the flagship company for Biwater’s international operation. 2005  Acquisition of USA based Advanced Environmental Water Technologies Inc, (AEWT), to form Biwater AEWT, a supplier of advanced membrane systems with one of the largest municipal installed capacities in the world.

2002  Sale of the Spectrascan business. 2001  Biwater redefines its structure as a Group of companies with 24 offices worldwide. 2000  Sale of the pipes business.

Biwater forms a join venture company with NV Nuon ENW of Holland, named Cascal, to invest in water infrastructure worldwide.

1999 				  Formation of Biwater Capital - international investment division. 1998  Sale of penstocks and pumps business 1997  Biwater Ltd is registered as Biwater Plc to strengthen global image. 1996  Sale of the valves operation 1994  Integration of Biwater’s two water supply operations to form Bournemouth & West Hampshire Water Plc. 1993  First overseas acquisition with purchase of Man Lee of Hong Kong to form Biwater Man Lee

Sale of East Worcester Water Company to Severn Trent

Biwater chairman, Adrian White, awarded CBE for services to export and to the British water industry

1993 				  Acquisition of Megadex Engineering in Poland, to form Biwater Megadex 1992  Acquisition of German company IBO GmbH to form Biwater IBO. 1990  Acquisition of Spectrascan, data acquisition and water monitoring specialists.

1989  Further expansion into the water supply industry with the purchases of Bournemouth & District Water Company and West Hampshire Water Company. 1988  Queen’s Award to Industry for Exports.

Acquisition of Ames Crosta Babcock, sewage & water treatment plant contractors. 1986  New corporate image launched, with the introduction of the Biwater ‘fish’.

1985  Biwater shortens its name to Biwater Ltd.

Acquisition of Glenfield & Kennedy, world-famous valve manufacturer.

Acquisition of the Clay Cross Company, ductile iron pipe and castings manufacturer. 1984  Queen’s Award to Industry for Exports. 1983  Queen’s Award to Industry for Exports. 1982  Acquisition of Environmental Division of Moss Engineering Group, including Farrer Sewage, Wallwin Pumps, Electrical Systems and Farrer Wallwin International.

Acquisition of Hunt & Moscrop contractor and supplier of water & sewage treatment plant. 1981  Relocation to current head office in Dorking. 1980  Acquisition of Ham Baker & Co, manufacturer of valves and penstocks. 1977  Acquisition of civil engineering and contracting company Shellabear Price (Holdings) Ltd and is renamed Biwater Shellabear Ltd. 1975  First overseas contract signed in Nigeria. Biwater wins first Queen’s Award to Industry for Exports.

1968  Biwater established by Adrian White under the name Biwater Treatment Company.

1935 				 Shellabear Price founded - later acquired by Biwater 1912  Wallwin Pumps founded - later acquired by Biwater. 1901  Ham Baker founded - later acquired by Biwater. 1896  William E Farrer founded - later acquired by Biwater. 1863  Bournemouth & District Waterworks Company founded - later acquired by Biwater. 1852  Glenfield & Kennedy founded - later acquired by Biwater. 1837  The Clay Cross Company founded by George Stephenson - later acquired by Biwater. 1820  Ames Crosta founded - later acquired by Biwater.