User:BurgulaNiharika/Evaluate an Article

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Gene map

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I have chosen this article of Gene map concept for which I found it as a very interesting and a powerful approach as in to identify the different biological processes and genes which determine or decide the traits which are influenced by inheritance which also include the human diseases. The above point would be an weight adding on point which explains the importance of a gene map. It basically shows or locates the location of the genetic markers on the chromosome

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Gene maps provide a visual representation of how genes are arranged on a chromosome. They can be used as molecular markers to determine the separation between other genes on a chromosome since they are assigned to a locus, or nearby place on a chromosome. This helps out researchers to perform DNA Sequencing.

Methods for generating gene maps include two types of approaches which include:

1.Physical Mapping

2.Genetic Mapping

Therefore, these methods enable direct chromosomal observation, allowing for the construction of a map with relative gene placements.

1. Physical Mapping :

This methodology uses molecular biology techniques to examine the chromosome. Restriction mapping, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and sequence tagged site mapping are examples of physical mapping methods used to create a gene map.

a. Restriction Mapping:

Using restriction enzymes, restriction mapping is a technique for learning the structural details of a section of DNA. Enzymes known as restriction enzymes aid in the cutting of DNA segments at particular recognition sequences. DNA is sliced (or digested) by restriction enzymes as the foundation for restriction mapping.

b. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH):

FISH is a technique for determining if a DNA sequence is present (or absent) inside a cell. Fluorochromes are used to mark DNA probes that are specific for particular chromosomal locations or genes of interest. Multiple DNA sequences can be seen by researchers by adding fluorochromes to probes.

c. Sequence-tagged site (STS) mapping :

A sequence-tagged site (STS) is a brief DNA segment that can range in length from 100 to 500 base pairs and is frequently found throughout an individual's genome. These locations frequently have genetic polymorphisms, making them good places to find useful genetic markers.

2.Genetic Sequencing:

The main tools used in this strategy are linkage analysis and gene association methods.

a. Linkage analysis

Identifying disease genes and comprehending chromosomal position form the foundation of linkage analysis. On the same chromosome, it is discovered that several genes that are related or associated with one another are located adjacent to one another.

b. Gene association analysis

In order to determine if the frequency of an allele in afflicted people differs from that of a control set of unaffected individuals in the same community, gene association analysis looks at a specific population. This is mainly used to recognize complex diseases which doesn't have Mendelian inheritance sequence pattern.