User:Buster40004/Sandbox/Projects/Japanese aircraft engines 1910 - 1945

Aichi AE1 Atsuta
Aichi Atsuta was a twelve-cylinder inverted "V" engine with a 130 mm bore and 160 mm stroke and a nominal power rating of 1100 horsepower (820 kW). It was the German Dialmer Benz DB 601A engine built under license by Aichi. Various models of this engine were used to power the D4Y "Susie" and the M6A "Serian". The engine was notoriously unreliable in both Japanese and German front-line service, and the Japanese redesigned the D4Y to use a less troublesome radial engine. A properly maintained Atsuta was able to maintain adequate performance on marginal fuel. The Atsuta was named after the factory in which it was produced.

Hitachi Ha-12
The Hitachi Ha-12 was a low-power (150 hp or 112 kW) air-cooled seven-cylinder radial engine. It was known as the Type 95 when used in Army service

Hitachi Ha-13
The Hitachi Ha-13 was a low-power air-cooled nine-cylinder radial engine. It was known as the Type 98 when used in Army service

Hitachi GK2 Amakaze
The Hitachi Amakaze (Also known as the Tempu) was a low-power air-cooled nine-cylinder radial engine. The Amakaze is a small (17.9 L) workhorse radial engine designed in the late 1920s that stayed in production through the end of the war. Starting out as a no-frills 300 hp engine (Amakaze 11) with no accessory options, it was continually developed and up-rated through out its life. The Amakaze/Tempu powered several small trainers, float planes and utility aircraft for the Army and Navy. The 30 series engines were introduced into service in 1944. The Amakaze name and model number is cast into the nose case, along with the Hitachi company logo.

Hitachi GK4 Hatsukaze
The Hitachi Hatsukaze 11 was a license Built Hirth HM 504 inverted inline four cylinder aviation engine. The Kyushu K9W1 Type 2 Momiji ("Cypress") was powered by a Hitachi GK4A Hatsukaze 11 and the Kokusai Ki-86 Type 4 ("Cypress") was powered by the Hitachi Ha-47 11. Both engines were essentially identical, developing 110 hp. Both aircraft were also nearly identical, as they were both license built Bücker Bü 131's.[1]

Hitachi built 1,037 for Army as Ha-47 11 and 339 for the Navy Air Services as the GK4A Hatsukaze 11.[2]

The Hatsuzake engine was also used as the power section for the Ishikawajima Tsu 11 Motorjet engine which was to power the Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka 22. The Tsu-11 was also selected to power the Yokosuka MXY-9 Shuka ("Autumn Fire") - a trainer intended to prepare pilots for the Mitsubishi J8M rocket-powered interceptor. Neither of these aircraft entered service, however, as their development took place too late in the war.

The standard Hatsukaze 11 engine was modified at a Navy arsenal by replacing the propeller drive shaft and engine front crankcase cover with a step-up gearbox. After modification, the engine was designated as the Hatsukaze Toku ("Toku" translates as "special") Model 13. The gearbox increased engine output shaft RPM at a 1:3 ratio. At engine speed of 3,000 RPM, the compressor section was operating at 9,000 RPM.

The compressed air was then ducted into a combustion chamber where a liquid fuel was sprayed. The heated compressed air then exits through the tailpipe providing static thrust of 180 kg (396 lb). It is likely that about 1/3 of the total thrust was contributed by adding the combustion chamber aft of the compressor.

[1] Francillon: 505 [2] Bridgeman, Leonard. “The Bücker Bü 131B “Jungmann”.” Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. ISBN 1-85170-493-0.

Kawasaki Ha-9
The Kawasaki Ha-9 was a liquid-cooled V-12 aircraft engine. The Ha-9-IIb produced 634 kW (850 hp) at takeoff, 578 kW (775 hp) at sea level, and 708 kW (950 hp) at 3800 m (12,470 feet). Over 2000 were produced.

Kawasaki Ha-40
The Kawasaki Ha-40 also known as the Army Type 2 liquid-cooled engine, and under the Unified designation system, as the Kawasaki [Ha-60] 22. It was a twelve-cylinder inverted "V" engine with a 130 mm bore and 160 mm stroke and a nominal power rating of 820 kW (1100 hp). It was the German Dialmer Benz DB 601A engine built under license by Kawasaki. This engine was used to power the Ki-61 "Tony". The engine was notoriously unreliable in both Japanese and German front-line service, and the Japanese redesigned the Tony to use a less troublesome radial engine. On the other hand, the engine used fuel injection, making it insensitive to negative-G forces. A properly maintained Ha-40 was also able to maintain performance on marginal fuel.

Kawasaki Ha-140
The Kawasaki Ha-140 was a twelve-cylinder inverted "V" engine with bore of 154mm (6.06 in) and stroke of 103mm (4.06 in) for a nominal power rating of 1081 kW (1450 hp). It was the German Dialmer Benz DB 605 engine built under license. The engine was used on later models of the Ki-61 "Tony", but proved unreliable, having tight tolerances that stretched the capacity of Japanese manufacturing.

Mitsubishi MK1 Ha-26
The Mitsubishi Ha-26 was a two-row 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine also known as the Army Type 99 radial engine.

Mitsubishi MK2 Zuise
The Mitsubishi Zuisei ("Holy Star") 13 was a 14-cylinder, supercharged, air-cooled two-row radial engine with a 140 mm (5.5 in) bore and 130 mm (5.12 in) stroke for a displacement of 32.3 L (1,970 in³). It resembled the Ha-26 series engines.

Mitsubishi Ha-102
The Mitsubishi Ha-102 was also known as the Mitsubishi Army Type 1 radial when used on IJA aircraft, Mitsubishi Zuisei 21 when used on IJN aircraft or [Ha-31] 21 under the unified system near the end of 1944. It was a 14-cylinder, supercharged, air-cooled two-row radial engine with a 140 mm (5.5 in) bore and 130 mm (5.12 in) stroke for a displacement of 32.3 L (1,970 in³) and a nominal power rating of 805 kW (1080 hp) for takeoff and 787 kW (1055 hp) at 2800 meters (9185 feet). Variants of this engine were used on the Ki-46 "Dinah" and the Ki-57.

Mitsubishi MK4 Kasei
The Mitsubishi Kasei (火星 "Mars") was an air-cooled fourteen-cylinder double row radial engine with a 150mm bore and 170mm stroke for a displacement of 42.1 Liters. It was based on a Pratt & Whitney design and was the largest 14-cylinder engine produced by Mitsubishi when war broke out.

Mitsubishi MK8 Kinsei
The Mitsubishi Kinsei (金星 "Golden Star" or "Venus") was a 14-cylinder, supercharged, air-cooled two-row radial engine with a 140 mm (5.5 in) bore and 150 mm  (5.9 in) stroke for a displacement of 32.4 L (1980 in³). It was based on a Pratt & Whitney design and was considered highly reliable by the Japanese. The Ha-101 and Ha-112 were very similar engines manufactured for the Japanese Army.

Mitsubishi Ha-104
The Mitsubishi Ha-104 was an 18-cylinder, supercharged, air-cooled two-row radial engine rated at 1900 hp. It was used on the Mitsubishi Ki-67 "Peggy". The Mitsubishi Ha-104 Ru (turbocharged) radial engine, 1,491 kW (2,000 hp) was used on the Tachikawa Ki-74. The 1,544 kW (2,070 hp) Ha-104M was used on the Tachikawa Ki-70.

Nakajima Kotobuki
The Nakajima Kotobuki (寿, "Longevity" or "Congratulations") was an air-cooled nine-cylinder radial engine. It was known in Army service as the Ha-1.

Nakajima Hikari
The Nakajima Hikari (光, "Light") was an air-cooled nine-cylinder radial engine derived from the Kotobuki by increasing bore and stroke to the maximum practical limits of the cylinders (160mm bore, 180mm stroke for 32 liters (1,940 in³) displacement) Nakajima Hikari Models

Nakajima Ha-5
The Nakajima Ha-5 was an air-cooled 14-cylinder radial engine using the same cylinder design as the Kotobuki. The Ha-5 was adopted by the Japanese Army as the Type 97. The Nakajima Ha-5 KAI was rated at 634 kW (850 hp)

Nakajima Ha-25
950 hp Army Type 99 radial engine (Nakajima Ha-25)

Nakajima NK1 Sakae
The Nakajima Sakae ("Prosperity") was an air-cooled 14-cylinder double-row radial engine with a single-speed supercharger and a bore of 130mm and stroke of 150mm. It was derived from the Gnome-Rhone engine produced under license in the 1930s. It could run reliably on a very lean fuel mixture on extended flights, which helped give the A6M "Zero" its impressive range. Kawasaki also produced the engine under license.

Nakajima NK7 Mamoru
The Nakajima Mamoru was an air-cooled 14-cylinder double-row radial engine with a nominal power rating of 1342 kW (1800 hp). The engine was considered economical on fuel and had considerable potential for development, but it had some teething problems. As a result, the Japanese Navy, in an uncharacteristic effort to economize resources, demanded that Nakajima cease production of the engine in favor of more proven designs such as the Sakae and Homare. The Mamoru was used only on early models of the B6N "Jill".

Nakajima Ha-41
The Nakajima Ha-41 was an air-cooled 14-cylinder double-row radial engine with a nominal power rating of 939 kW (1260 hp). Variants of this engine were used on early models of the Ki-44 "Tojo" and the Ki-49 "Helen", being replaced in later models by the Ha-109.

Nakajima Ha-109
The Nakajima Ha-109 was also known as the Army Type 2 radial or by the Unified system designation, Nakajima [Ha-34] 11. It was an air-cooled 14-cylinder double-row radial engine with a 140 mm bore and 130 mm stroke and a nominal power rating of 1081 kW (1450 hp), making it one of the most powerful Japanese piston engines. Variants of this engine were used on the Ki-44 "Tojo" and the Ki-49 "Helen".

Nakajima NK9 Homare
The Nakajima Homare (誉, "praise" or, more usually, "honor") was an air-cooled 18-cylinder double-row radial engine. It used the same size cylinders as the Sakae (bore of 130mm and a stroke of 150mm for 32.6 liters displacement) Though somewhat mechanically unreliable, later models became increasingly important towards the end of the war. The engine was notable for having a relatively small diameter, which reduced drag.