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Actual Article
In the parathyroid gland, the parathyroid oxyphil cell is larger and lighter staining than the parathyroid chief cell.

These cells can be found in clusters in the center of the section and at the periphery. Oxyphil cells appear at the onset of puberty, but have no known function. With nuclear medicine scans, they selectively take up the Technetium-sestamibi complex radiotracer to allow delineation of glandular anatomy. Oxyphil cells have been shown to express parathyroid-relevant genes found in the chief cells and have the potential to produce additional autocrine/paracrine factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and calcitriol. More work needs to be done to fully understand the functions of these cells and their secretions.

Proposed Changes
Parathyroid oxyphil cell are one out of the two types of cells found in the parathyroid gland, the other being parathyroid chief cell. Oxyphil cells are only found in a select few number of species and humans are one of them. Animals like rats and chickens do not have oxyphil cells.

These cells can be found in clusters in the center of the section and at the periphery. Oxyphil cells appear at the onset of puberty, but have no known function. It is perceived that oxyphil cells may be derived from chief cells at puberty, as they are not present at birth like chief cells. Oxyphil cells increase in number with age.

Structure
The oxyphil cell are much larger in size (12–20 μm) compared with chief cells (6–8 μm) and also stain lighter than chief cells. Oxyphil cells have abundant cytoplasmic glycogen and its cytoplasmic area is filled with mitochondria.

Function
With nuclear medicine scans, they selectively take up the Technetium-sestamibi complex radiotracer to allow delineation of glandular anatomy. Oxyphil cells have been shown to express parathyroid-relevant genes found in the chief cells and have the potential to produce additional autocrine/paracrine factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and calcitriol. Oxyphil cells have also been shown to have higher oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme activity than chief cells. Oxyphil cells have significantly more Calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) than chief cells. More work needs to be done to fully understand the functions of these cells and their secretions.

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