User:Bwana Kitambi/sandbox

Arts:

barkcloth, enanga, rafia skirts

Colonial era:

King Kahigi II of Kihanja kingdom

Under the Germans, roads and commercial ports along Lake Victoria were established, and some of the first missions and schools were built, leading to the introduction of Christian ideals as well as attempts to make Swahili the lingua franca. Furthermore, cowrie shells was gradually replaced by a Western cash economy. The arrival of Count Adolf van Götzen in 1905 set in motion the alignment of Haya kings. During a ceremony at the boma in Bukoa, Götzen proclaimed kings Kahigi (Kihanja), Mutahangarwa (Kiziba), Nyarabamba III (Ihangiro), and Kasasura (Rusubi) to be Obersultane (Sultan), presenting them with certificates that reflected their newly-acquired titles under German rule (Austen).

German boma in Bukoba. The Germans arrived in Bukoba (at Kafuti) on the 1st of November 1890, under the command of Emin Pasha with about 40 soldiers. Bukoba at the time was much of a swamp, with lower lands all uninhabited. Pasha made his first camp at Gwakyazi (small bridge area over the Ngongo river. They used Bumbire Island (same Island Stanley's group camped on) as a settlement for political prisoners until 1916. Those sent to Bumbire Island by the Germans (Kaketo [Karagwe); Nyarubamba III [Ihangiro]). When Stuemer (Residentur) arrived in Bukoba in 1902, Kahigi (Kihanja) and Mutahangarwa (Kiziba) remained the most powerful African rulers in the area and were the closest collaborators of the Resident (Austen 1969: 88).

Cowrie shells as currency grew in the 19th century but was then replaced by the ushering in of Western cash economy following the colonization

Bakama council, Nyarubanja land tenure system, German massacre, the rise of the non-royal elite and pushback on kingship, missions + Christianity

Formal education for girls did not happen until a few weeks before and roughly nine months after their marriage. This training, called kwalikwa, instructed them on how to act responsibly as an adult. However,

In the area covering the present day Muleba, Bukoba Urban, Bukoba Rural and Missenyi, Haya musical performances - singing, dancing, and playing of musical instruments - are integral parts of everyday life.