User:CAChamblee/HSPA1B

Human gene HSPA1B is an intron-less gene which encodes for the heat shock protein HSP70-2, a member of the Hsp70 family of proteins. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex, on the short arm of chromosome 6, in a cluster with two paralogous genes, HSPA1A and HSPA1L. As the small number of sequential differences between the HSPA1A and HSPA1B are unexpressed, contained exclusively in the 3' untranslated region and synonymous substitutions, both these genes produce nearly identical protein products, heat shock 70kDa protein 1A, from HSPA1A, and heat shock 70kDa protein 1B, from HSPA1B. A third, more modified paralog to these genes exists in the same region, HSPA1L, which shares a 90% homology with the other two. HSPA1B is one of several genes that is expressed primarily in spermatogenic cells that have corresponding homologous genes that are expressed in somatic cells, including fellow heat shock protein 70 kDa family member HSPA8, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme C, phosphoglycerate kinase isoenzyme 2, and GAPDHS.

Function
Heat shock 70kDa protein 1B is a chaperone protein, cooperating with other heat shock proteins and chaperone systems to maintain proteostasis by stabilizing the structural conformation of other proteins in the cell and protecting against stress-induced aggregation. The protein binding activity of this protein is deactivated by binding ATP, and activated by its dephosphorylation to ADP, which requires a potassium ion to facilitate the hydrolysis, or ATP-ADP exchange. Hsp70s have also been shown to bind and stabilize mRNA rich in adenine and uracil bases, independent of the occupational states of its other binding sites.

Hsp70-2 specifically is developmentally expressed in male germ line cells during meiosis. It later becomes incorporated into the CatSper complex, a specialized calcium ion channel that enables spermatozoa motility.

Clinical significance
Expression of heat shock protein 70kDa protein 2 has been implicated in the rapid proliferation, metastasis, and inhibition of apoptosis in ovarian, bladder urothelial, and breast cancers. Patients with chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection who harbor a HSPA1B-1267 single nucleotide polymorphism have a higher risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma.

Interactions
Interactions have been characterized between Hsp70-2 and the following proteins:


 * ATF5,
 * BAG1,
 * BAG2,
 * BAG3,
 * CatSperβ,
 * CHCHD3,
 * CDC2 kinase,
 * DNAJC7,
 * DNAJC8,
 * DNAJC9,
 * FOXP3,
 * HDAC4,
 * HOPX,
 * HSP40,
 * HSP90,
 * HSP105,
 * IRAK1BP1,
 * METTL21A,
 * NAA10,
 * NEDD1,
 * NOD2,
 * PPP5C,
 * PKRN,
 * SMAD3,
 * STUB1,
 * TERT,
 * TRIM5,
 * TSC2,