User:CCMcgrew/sandbox

Thorndike on Education
Thorndike's Educational psychology began a trend toward behavioral psychology that sought to use empirical evidence and a scientific approach to problem solving. Thorndike was among some of the first psychologists to combine learning theory, psychometrics, and applied research for school-related subjects to form psychology of education. One of his influences on education is seen by his ideas on mass marketing of tests and textbooks at that time. Thorndike's opposition to the idea that learning should reflect nature, was the main thought of developmental scientists at that time. He instead thought that schooling should improve upon nature. Unlike many other psychologist of his time, Thorndike took a statistical approach to education in his later years, by collecting qualitative information intended to help teachers and educators deal with practical educational problems. Thorndike's theory was an association theory, as many were in that time. He believed that the association between stimulus and response was solidified by a reward or confirmation. He also thought that motivation was an important factor in learning. The Law of Effect introduced the relation between reinforcers and punishers. Although Thorndike's description of the relation between reinforcers and punishers was incomplete, his work in this area would later become a catalyst in further research, such as that of B.F. Skinner.

Thorndike's Law of Effect states that "responses that produce a desired effect are more likely to occur again whereas responses that produce an unpleasant effect are less likely to occur again". The terms 'desired effect' and 'unpleasant effect' eventually became known as 'reinforcers' and 'punishers'. . Thorndike's contributions to the Behavioral Psychology Society are seen through his influences in the classroom, with a particular focus on praising and ignoring behaviors. Praise is used in the classroom to encourage and support the occurrence of a desired behavior. When used in the classroom, praise has been shown to increase correct responses and appropriate behavior. Planned ignoring is used to decrease, weaken, or eliminate the occurrence of a target behavior. Planned ignoring is accomplished by removing the reinforcer that is maintaining the behavior. For example, when the teacher does not pay attention to a "whining" behavior of a student, it allows the student to realize that whining will not succeed in gaining the attention of the teacher. .

CCMcgrew (talk) 02:35, 23 July 2015 (UTC)CCMcgrew

Thorndike on Education
I plan to use this talk page to discuss Thorndike's contributing to education and learning theory. I am starting by compiling a list of references that I will be using for my research. While this list is not exhaustive, it is a start.

[1]Beatty, Barbara (1998). "From laws of learning to a science of values: Efficiency and morality in Thorndyke's educational psychology". American Psychologist 53 (10): 1152.

[2]Gray, L. N., & Von Broembsen, M. H. (1976). On the generalizability of the law of effect: Social psychological measurement of group structures and process. Sociometry, 39(3), 175-183.

[3]Adams, M. A. (2000). Reinforcement theory and behavior analysis. Behavioral Developmental Bulletin, 9(1), 3-6.

[4]McKeachie, W. J. (1990). Learning, thinking, and Thorndike. Educational Psycholgist, 25(2), 127-141.

CCMcgrew

Lead Section for Thorndike on Education
Edward Lee "Ted" Thorndike (August 31, 1874 – August 9, 1949) was an American psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College, Columbia University. His work on Comparative psychology and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism and helped lay the scientific foundation for modern educational psychology. He also worked on solving industrial problems, such as employee exams and testing. He was a member of the board of the Psychological Corporation and served as president of the American Psychological Association in 1912.[1][2] A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Thorndike as the ninth most cited psychologist of the 20th century.[3] Edward Thorndike had a powerful impact on reinforcement theory and behavior analysis, providing the basic framework for empirical laws in behavior psychology with his Law of Effect.

==Thorndike on Education==

For Thorndike, the interesting aspect of studying children was not how they were developmentally the same, but how they were individually different (Beatty, 1997).

Beatty, B. (1998). From laws of learning to a science of values: Efficiency and morality in Thorndike's educational psychology. American Psychologist, 53(10), 1145-1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.10.1145

--CCMcgrew (talk) 22:10, 25 June 2015 (UTC)