User:CFCF/sandbox/58

Vibriosis are infectious diseases caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio (excluding toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae, which causes Cholera). It commonly presents as gastroenteritis or wound infection, but can in rare cases give rise to otitis or septicemia. Clinical infection is more common among immune compromised or elderly individuals.

The most common transmission is from water with significant amounts of Vibriobacteria, which can: contaminate existing wounds, or be unintentionally swallowed causing gastroenteritic symptoms such as diarrhoea. Vibriosis can also cause otitis, and rarely sepsis.

Vibriobacteria grow primarily in brackish or fresh water at temperatures above 20°C, but it’s growth is halted by direct sunlight. Accordingly Vibriosis occurs seasonally in temperate regions of the northern and Southern Hemisphere, such as around the Baltic sea, and is more common in years with warm summers. This has given rise to terms as the Swedish: 'badårsfeber ' or literally "bath-year fever", indicating incidence rising with greater bacterial growth and much varying in warm summers.

Vibriosis is not transmissible between people, but can transmit between certain livestock as a venereal disease.

https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/food-poisoning/vibrio.html

https://www.evira.fi/sv/djur/djurhalsa-och-sjukdomar/djursjukdomar/fiskar-och-kraftor/vibrios/

https://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/vibrio_infections/index.html

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/7/15-1996_article

https://thl.fi/fi/web/infektionssjukdomar/-/den-varma-sommaren-har-okat-mangden-vibrioinfektioner-det-ar-dock-inte-fraga-om-kolera

https://thl.fi/sv/web/thlfi-sv/-/det-varma-vadret-okar-risken-for-infektion-pa-badstranden

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948065/

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/7/15-1996_article

https://www.google.com/search?num=100&q=world+health+organization+vibrio&oq=world+health+organization+vibrio

https://www.livsmedelsverket.se/livsmedel-och-innehall/bakterier-virus-parasiter-och-mogelsvampar1/bakterier/vibrio

https://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/vibrio_infections/

https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/UCM297627.htm

https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/index.html

https://www.mpi.govt.nz/mpisearch/?site-search=vibrio

https://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/conditions-and-treatments/diseases-and-illnesses/vibrio-vulnificus-infection

http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/mra8.pdf

https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2015/04/consumer-reports-tests-find-60-percent-of-frozen-shrimp-contaminated-with-bacteria/

Prevention
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/keynotes_1117_vibrio.html

Cause
Vibriosis is caused by infection with pathogenic species of the family Vibrionaceae (species other than toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, which cause cholera).

Classification
http://conditions.health.qld.gov.au/HealthCondition/condition/14/33/645/Vibrio-Vulnificus-Infection

Signs and symptoms
When ingested, Vibrio bacteria can cause watery diarrhea, often accompanied by abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever, and chills. Usually these symptoms occur within 24 hours of ingestion and last about 3 days. Severe illness is rare and typically occurs in people with a weakened immune system.

Vibrio bacteria can also cause a skin infection when an open wound is exposed to brackish or salt water. Brackish water is a mixture of fresh and sea water. It is often found where rivers meet the sea.

Diagnosis
A clinician may suspect vibriosis if a patient has watery diarrhea and has recently eaten raw or undercooked seafood, especially oysters, or when a wound infection occurs after exposure to seawater. Infection is diagnosed when Vibrio bacteria are found in the stool, wound, or blood of a patient who has symptoms of vibriosis.

Treatment
Treatment is not necessary in mild cases, but patients should drink plenty of liquids to replace fluids lost through diarrhea. Although there is no evidence that antibiotics decrease the severity or duration of illness, they are sometimes used in severe or prolonged illnesses.

Epidemiology
Vibriosis is considered a reportable disease in several countries, and the United States and Sweden mandate suspected cases be reported by a treating clinician. Vibriosis is an under-recognized and under-reported cause of human illness.

Other animals
https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/health-and-disease/bacterial-diseases/vibriosis-cattle

Vibrio infection is notable in livestock such as cattle and sheep, and in shell-fish. While both may act as a vector, spreading the disease to humans, they are also independently affected by the disease.

Cattle venereal

Sheep through infected food

Shellfish

Fish https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Listonella+anguillarum&atb=v116-6_g&ia=web