User:CSCDerekLi/Failed suicide attempt

A failed suicide attempt (tentamen suicidii), or nonfatal suicide attempt, is a suicide attempt from which the actor survived.

Epidemiology
In the US, the NIMH reports there are 11 nonfatal suicide attempts for every suicide death. The American Association of Suicidology reports higher numbers, stating that there are 25 suicide attempts for every suicide completion. By these numbers, approximately 92-96% of suicide attempts end in survival.

In contrast to suicide mortality, rates of nonfatal self-injury are consistently higher among females.

Parasuicide and self-injury
Without commonly agreed-upon operational definitions, some suicidology researchers regard many suicide attempts as parasuicide or self-injurious behavior, rather than "true" suicide attempts.

Methods
Some suicide methods have higher rates of lethality than others. The use of firearms results in death 90% of the time. Wrist-slashing has a much lower lethality rate, comparatively. 75% of all suicide attempts are by self-poisoning, a method that is often thwarted because the drug is nonlethal or is used at a nonlethal dosage. These people survive 97% of the time.

Repetition
A nonfatal suicide attempt is the strongest known clinical predictor of eventual suicide. Suicide risk among self-harm patients is hundreds of times higher than in the general population. It is often estimated that about 10-15% of attempters eventually die by suicide. The mortality risk is highest during the first months and years after the attempt: almost 1% of individuals who attempt suicide die within one year.

Outcomes
Nonfatal suicide attempts can result in serious injury. 300,000 (or more) Americans survive a suicide attempt each year. While a majority sustain injuries that allow them to be released following emergency room treatment, a significant minority—about 116,000—are hospitalized, of whom 110,000 are eventually discharged alive. Their average hospital stay is 10 days and the average cost is $15,000. Some 19,000, (17%) of these people are permanently disabled, restricted in their ability to work, each year, at a cost of $127,000 per person.

Criminalization of attempted suicide
Historically in the Christian church, people who attempted suicide were excommunicated. Suicide and attempted suicide, while previously criminally punishable, is no longer in most Western countries. It remains a criminal offense in most Islamic countries. In the late 19th century in Great Britain, attempted suicide was deemed to be equivalent to attempted murder and could be punished by hanging. In the United States, suicide is not illegal but may be associated with penalties for those who attempt it. However, no country in Europe currently considers attempted suicide to be a crime.

In Singapore, a person who attempts to commit suicide can be imprisoned for up to one year.

In India, a new mental health bill states that “Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 309 of the IPC, any person who attempts suicide shall be presumed, unless proved otherwise, to be suffering from mental illness at the time of the bid and shall not be liable to punishment". The Bill thus clarifies that the act of suicide and the mental health of the person committing the act are inseparably linked and have to be seen together and not in isolation.

As of 2012, attempted suicide is a criminal offense in Uganda.

As of 2013, attempted suicide is criminalized in Ghana.