User:CVHWI/sandbox

Bibliography

Ideas for wiki assignment


 * 1) check citations
 * 2) clarify lead
 * 3) add statistical information
 * 4) review 'congenital hearing loss
 * 5) Expand on speech perception which leads to words and sentences?

Statistical Data

According to the CDC, of the 3,742,608 babies screened, 3,896 were diagnosed with hearing loss before the age of three months. 1.7 out of 1000 births were diagnosed with hearing loss in 2017 in the United States.

Clarify Lead

Prelingual deafness refers to deafness that occurs before learning speech or language. Speech and language typically begin to develop very early with infants saying their first words by age one. Therefore, prelingual deafness is considered to occur before the age of one, where a baby is either born deaf (known as congenital deafness) or loses hearing before the age of one. This hearing loss may occur for a variety of reasons and impacts cognitive, social, and language development.

Causes

Prelingual hearing loss can be considered congenital, present at birth, or acquired, occurring after birth before the age of one. Congenital hearing loss can be a result of maternal factors (rubella, cytomegalovirus, or herpes simplex virus, syphilis, diabetes), infections, toxicity (pharmaceutical drugs, alcohol, other drugs), asphyxia, trauma, low birth weight,prematurity and complications associated with the Rh factor in the blood/jaundice. Congenital hearing loss could also be the result of genetic factors. Autosomal recessive hearing loss is when both parents carry the recessive gene, and pass it on to their child. The autosomal dominant hearing loss is when an abnormal gene from one parent is able to cause hearing loss even though the matching gene from the other parent is normal. This can lead to genetic syndromes, such as Down syndrome, Usher syndrome or Waardenburg syndrome, which are concomitant with hearing loss. [fourth citation from ASHA in article] Acquired hearing loss can be the result of toxicity (drugs given as treatment when in the neonatal intensive care unit) and infections such as meningitis.

Nongenetic factors account for about one fourth of the congenital hearing losses in infants while genetic factors account for over half of the infants with congenital hearing loss. Most of these are caused by an autosomal recessive hearing loss or an autosomal dominant hearing loss.