User:Caaren

User:Kaarina Niishinda|212094289 Kaarina Niishinda]] 08:47, 22 September 2012 (UTC)

WATER TRANSPORTATION =Introduction= Water transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another through water. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, and bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance.

Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Water transport is the process of transport a watercraft, such as a:
 * barge
 * boat
 * ship or sailboat

Makes over a body of water, such as: The need for good spirits unites watercraft, and makes the hull a foremost feature of its structure, maintenance and outward show. Steam ships were developed, using a steam engine to drive a paddle wheel or propeller to move the ship. The steam was created in a boiler using wood or coal and fed through a steam external combustion engine. Now most ships have an internal combustion engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some ships, such as submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more propellers, or in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet.
 * sea
 * ocean
 * lake
 * canal or river

Positive impacts
Means of water transportation for a numeral of your cargo operations has a number of benefits. It can be extra profitable and reliable way of moving freight, particularly over long distances. There are also ecological and public benefits, which can provide you and benefit over your competitors when challenging for contracts and expand customers' perceptions of your business. Water transport is a highly efficient method of transporting large quantities of goods. Commercial vessels carry huge tons of cargo's. Transport by water is significantly less costly compared to other mode of transport because operational area such as Rivers and Oceans are free offerings of nature and they remains fixed unlike railways and roads, man cannot assemble waterways. This mode plays significant role in global trade which brings many countries together. It is a very inexpensive traffic means and mainly essential in safety of state. Throughout natural calamities similar to floods, serious heavy shower et cetera .When rail or road transport is disrupted; water transport without help is probable.

Negative impacts
Furthermore, water transportation has a very slow in speed and additional there is a probability of doing violence to on boat sailing all the way through. Failure of heavy rain results into fall in the water-level of rivers making navigation complicated simply it can only be used when adequate water is accessible. In bottomless sea if boat gets in to storm, it becomes complicated to set free. In waterfalls having many drafts, water transportation does not mechanism. Special maintenance for water tightness of boat is required.

As beside other mode of transport, it is less safe. The hazard of dipping of boats and ships at all times looms outsized. This cause allot of time consuming and not easy to check exact position of goods in shipment .Customs have also to exercise restrictions as some individuals might not comprise all necessary document required to enter the harbor such as permit. In addition, if the vessel sinks down due to any technical error it can cause a great loss to any economic since it can carry a huge number of cargo's and freight. Human life can easy be risk if the medical rescue did not take an immediate act in response. Although oceans and river are free offered by nature, there is still a need to construct ports and purchase equipments that be used to offload and load goods and cargo's due to import and export. The operator of the vehicle should be well trained to avoid technical errors.

Conclusion
Water transportation contributes to the economic development of the country in view of the fact that, it creates occupational opportunities to the resident and increases the rate of trading and tourism. Countries that does not have port may receive their goods in our port and at the same time contribute to the economic development of the country.