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In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation. Code-switching is different from plurilingualism in that plurilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use multiple languages, while code-switching is the act of using multiple languages together. Multilinguals (speakers of more than one language) sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other. Thus, code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety. Code-switching may happen between sentences, sentence fragments, words, or individual morphemes (in synthetic languages). However, some linguists consider the borrowing of words or morphemes from another language to be different from other types of code-switching. Likewise, code-switching can occur when there is a change in the environment one is speaking. Code-switching can happen in the context of speaking a different language or switching the verbiage to match that of the audience. There are many ways in which code-switching is employed, such as when a speaker is unable to express themselves adequately in a single language or to signal an attitude towards something. Several theories have been developed to explain the reasoning behind code-switching from sociological and linguistic perspectives.

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Code-Switching in Remote Writing Settings

Code-switching is remote settings has become higher on the writing agenda due to the Covid-19 pandemic. A study done by Cambridge University looked into how code-switching is present on remote, online platforms. Looking at tweets from Twitter regarding Hurricane Irma, researchers looked to see how posting went hand in hand with the impacted English and Spanish speaking countries. They found that many utilized English due to the platform's systemic influences. However, translations were prevalent in tweets to make them accessible to both English and Spanish speakers. “To examine the relation between language preference and switch tendency, we computed proportions of code switches as a function of language of prior and current tweet.” Likewise, the results of the study conclude that  “language switching encompasses successive tweets produced by different individuals, that 2) speakers differ with respect to language preference based on tweeting history within the same corpus rather than on self-ratings or another measure of proficiency, 3) more messages overall are in English than in Spanish and 4) compared to non-switch tweets by the same speaker within the same corpus, greater diversity among strongly valenced words characterizes the conditions under which code-switching emerges.” Thus, we can conclude the importance of understanding code switching to make social media accessible.