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= Iran–Italy relations = From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Iranian–Italian relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Italian Republic.

Contents

 * 1Overview
 * 2Cultural relations
 * 3Diplomacy
 * 4See also
 * 5References
 * 6External links

Overview[edit | edit source]
In 2005, Italy was the third largest trading partner of Iran with 7.5% of all exports to Iran. Italy is the Largest trading partner of Iran in the European Union in 2017.

Italy has maintained active diplomatic channels with Tehran even in periods of heightened tensions between European Union and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Despite the severity of international sanctions that substantially reduced prospects of trade with Iran, Italian officials retained communication with Iranian counterparts on soft political issues, albeit just at low-level exchanges during the President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

After the interim nuclear deal was agreed in 2013, Italy's Emma Bonino became the first European foreign minister to visit Tehran since the tenure of President Mohammad Khatami. In both her capacity as Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and later High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini strongly backed the nuclear negotiations. She also reiterated that a breakthrough in the talks could lead to a new chapter for Iran and the West going beyond non-proliferation issues.

In 2015, during an interview with RAI, President Hassan Rouhani said that Italy was the first trade partner among European Union states for several years before the international sanctions and that Iran regards Italy as the most important country for trade and economic cooperation.

Italy officially considers the MEK a terrorist organization, an Iranian opposition movement in exile that advocates the overthrow of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Cultural relations[edit | edit source]
The movie "Soraya", directed by Lodovico Gasparini, was released in 2003, depicting the story of Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari. Former Miss Italy Anna Valle played the leading role of the Persian Princess who was forced to divorce from the Shah of Iran after failing to give him an heir to the Sun Throne. The film was released in Italy on Rai Uno. 2014 Volleyball World League, Italy vs Iran In 2004, Italian experts were working on plans to expand the National Museum of Iran beyond its current capacity, from 2,200 to 6,000.

See also[edit | edit source]

 * Roman-Persian relations
 * Foreign relations of Iran
 * Foreign relations of Italy
 * Iran–European Union relations

References[edit | edit source]

 * 1) ^
 * 2) ^ [1]
 * 3) ^ http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2015/290715_federica_mogherini_in_iran_en.htm
 * 4) ^ http://www.irna.ir/en/News/81836930/
 * 5) ^
 * 6) ^ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0348076/
 * 7) ^
 * 8) ^ Italian Experts to Develop Iran's National Museum

Italy–Libya relations refers to the bilateral relations between the State of Libya and the Italian Republic. Italy has an embassy in Libya's capital, Tripoli, and a general consulate in Benghazi. Libya has an embassy in Italy's capital, Rome, and two general consulates (in Milan and Palermo).

History
Between 1911 and 1947, what is now Libya was an Italian colony. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1947.

In 1970, Libya expelled all Italians from Libya and confiscated their possessions.

While Libya was considered a pariah by much of the international community under the rule of Muammar Gaddafi, Italy maintained diplomatic relations with Libya and exported a significant quantity of its oil from the country. Relations between Italy and Libya warmed in the first decade of the 21st century, when they entered co-operative arrangements to deal with illegal immigration into Italy. Libya agreed to aggressively prevent migrants from sub-Saharan Africa from using the country as a transit route to Italy, in return for foreign aid and Italy's successful attempts to have the European Union lift its trade sanctions on Libya.

On 30 August 2008 Italy signed a Treaty confessing to and apologizing for the damages suffered by the Libyan people during the period of Italian colonialism, and that was the first time in history that a country had apologized and compensated (5 billion dollars plus the medical care for those who were harmed from the remnants of colonialism) for its previous colonization. The Treaty on Friendship, Partnership and Cooperation between Italy and Libya is composed of three parts: general principles; closing with the past and ending the disputes; and partnership. The first part begins with an official condemnation of Italy's colonization of Libya. The second part, closing with the past, contains the reparations payment of $5 billion to be paid in annual installments of $250 million over a 20-year period. The third, most important part of the Treaty deals with partnership. While the countries planned to cooperate in the areas of culture, economy, science, non-proliferation and more, the foremost area of cooperation pertains to immigration. Notably, the Libyan coast is to be patrolled by mixed (Libyan and Italian) crews on boats to be provided by Italy. Additionally, Libya's land borders are to be monitored using a satellite detection system provided by both the European Union and the Italian government.

The Treaty has raised some human right concerns about the fates of immigrants turned away as a result of this process. According to the European court of human rights, or ECHR, Italy working with Libya to return migrants to Libya against their will violates their human rights. In Libya the migrants are subject to inhumane conditions, beatings, rape, and other human rights violations.

In 2009, Gaddafi visited Italy for the first time in his 40-year rule. However, when Gaddafi faced a civil war in 2011, Italy imposed a freeze on some Libyan assets linked to him and his family, pursuant to a United Nations-sponsored regime and then bombed the country with the violation of Libya of the No-Fly Zone. After the death of Gaddafi, Italy recognized the National Transitional Council as the government of Libya.

On 26 September 2011, Italian energy company Eni announced it had restarted oil production in Libya for the first time since the start of the 2011 Libyan civil war. The quick return of Eni to Libyan oilfields reflected the positive relations between Rome and Tripoli under the NTC.

The Italian embassy in Tripoli is one of the few Western embassies still active in Libya during the Post-civil war violence in Libya because Italy is the most important trade partner for Libya.