User:Callinus/blood

Convalescent blood therapy is an immunotherapy where infectious disease patients are given blood products from survivors of the disease. The blood products contain polyclonal antibodies that give passive immunity to the infection. Some treatments use whole blood, while others purify the blood to an antiserum. The treatment is described as "simple, low cost, and scalable in low-income countries."

Emil von Behring won the first ever Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901 for his work developing a serum therapy for diphtheria.

Convalescent blood was used during the 1918 flu pandemic, and according to a recent analysis, may have reduced the mortality rate by around 20%.

and has been proposed as a potential treatment for H5N1 flu.

In a study on Argentine hemorrhagic fever, untreated patients had a 16.5% mortality rate, which dropped to 1.1% among patients receiving convalescent plasma.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4274891/

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

SARS coronavirus

Ebola Virus Disease

The serum of convalescent patients successfully recovering (or already recovered) from an infectious disease can be used as a biopharmaceutical in the treatment of other people with that disease, because the antibodies generated by the successful recovery are potent fighters of the pathogen. Such convalescent serum (antiserum) is a form of immunotherapy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26457963

http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S218.full

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137590/1/WHO_EVD_HIS_EMP_14.1_eng.pdf?ua=1

Mupapa K et al. Treatment of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever with Blood Transfusions from Convalescent Patients. J Infect Dis 179 (Supplement 1): S18-S23, 1999 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S18.full  Jahrling PB, Geisbert JB, Swearengen JR, Larsen T, Geisbert TW. Ebola hemorrhagic fever: evaluation of passive immunotherapy in nonhuman primates. J Infect Dis 196(Suppl 2):S400-3, 2007 (Negative results) http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/196/Supplement_2/S400.long  Jahrling PB, Geisbert J, Swearengen JR, Jaax GP, Lewis T, Huggins JW, Schmidt JJ, LeDuc JW, Peters CJ. Passive immunization of Ebola virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys with immunoglobulin from hyperimmune horses. Arch Virol 11(Suppl):135-40, 1996  Natalya M. Preparation and use of hyperimmune serum for prophylaxis and therapy of ebola virus infefection. J Infect Dis179 (Supplement 1):S218-S223, 1999 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S218.full  Borisevich IV, Mikhaĭlov VV, Krasnianskiĭ VP, Gradoboev VN, Lebedinskaia EV, Potryvaeva NV, Timan'kova GD. Development and study of the properties of immunoglobulin against Ebola fever. Vopr Virusol 40(6):270-3, 1995 (only abstract available, article in Russian)