User:Calvin Mujiji/sandbox

SCHOOL: BLUE LAKES INTERNATIONAL School

NAME: ISHIMWE MUJIJI CALVIN

COURSE UNIT: Internet of things

A.P1 Describe the purpose and application of IoT systems and/or services from different sectors.

The main purpose of IoT is to create an ecosystem that connects everything. An ecosystem where everything is connected to each other is known as the Internet of Everything. The IoT Eco-system enables the entities to connect and control the IoT devices present in the network by- 1.	In case of an IoT Eco-system, the entity can use a remote (tablets, smartphones) for sending a command or request for information over an IoT device

2.	The device then performs the command or can even send the information back over the network which has to be analysed

3.	This storing and analysing of data can be carried out in multiple locations which include- cloud, local database or sometimes the data himself

Application of IoT system/ or services from different sectors

1.	Smart Homes: One of the leading and the foremost down to earth applications of IoT, savvy homes truly take both, comfort and domestic security, to the another level. In spite of the fact that there are different levels at which IoT is connected for savvy homes, the most excellent is the one that mixes cleverly utility frameworks and excitement together. For occurrence, your power meter with an IoT gadget giving you experiences into your ordinary water utilization, your set-top box that permits you to record appears from farther, Programmed Light Systems, Advanced Locking Frameworks, Associated Observation Frameworks all fit into this concept of keen homes. As IoT advances, able to be beyond any doubt that most of the One of the leading and the foremost down to earth applications of IoT, savvy homes truly take both, comfort and domestic security, to the another level. In spite of the fact that there are different levels at which IoT is connected for savvy homes, the most excellent is the one that mixes cleverly utility frameworks and excitement together. For occurrence, your power meter with an IoT gadget giving you experiences into your ordinary water utilization, your set-top box that permits you to record appears from farther, Programmed Light Systems, Advanced Locking Frameworks, Associated Observation Frameworks all fit into this concept of keen homes. As IoT advances, able to be beyond any doubt that most of the gadgets will gotten to be more brilliant, empowering upgraded domestic security

2.	Smart City: Not fair web get to to individuals in a city but to the gadgets in it as well – that’s what keen cities are assumed to be made of. And we are able gladly say that we’re going towards realizing this dream. Endeavors are being made to join associated innovation into infrastructural prerequisites and a few crucial concerns like Activity Administration, Squander Administration, Water Dissemination, Power Administration, and more. All these work towards dispensing with a few day-to-day challenges confronted by individuals and bring in included comfort.

3.	Farming: farming is one division that will advantage the foremost from the Web of Things. With so numerous improvements happening on apparatuses agriculturists can use for horticulture, the long run is beyond any doubt promising. Devices are being created for Dribble Water system, understanding trim designs, Water Dispersion, rambles for Farm Observation, and more. These will permit agriculturists to come up with a more beneficial surrender and beware of the concerns way better.

4.	Connected Cars: The car computerized innovation has centered on optimizing vehicles’ inside capacities. But presently, this consideration is developing towards upgrading the in-car experience. An associated car could be a vehicle that can optimize its claim operation, upkeep as well as consolation of travelers utilizing onboard sensors and web connectivity. Most expansive auto producers as well as a few courageous new companies are working on associated car arrangements. Major brands like Tesla, BMW, Apple, Google are working on bringing the following transformation in automobiles.

5.	Wearables : Virtual glasses, fitness bands to monitor for example calorie expenditure and heart beats, or GPS tracking belts, are just some examples of wearable devices that we have been using for some time now. Companies such as Google, Apple, Samsung and others have developed and introduced the Internet of Things and the application thereof into our daily lives.These are small and energy efficient devices, which are equipped with sensors, with the necessary hardware for measurements and readings, and with software to collect and organize data and information about users.

6.	Water supply: A sensor, either incorporated or adjusted externally to water meters, connected to the Internet and accompanied by the necessary software, helps to collect, process and analyze data, which allows understanding the behavior of consumers, detecting faults in the supply service, report results and offer courses of action to the company that provides the service. Likewise, it offers final consumers the possibility of tracking their own consumption information, through a web page and in real time, even receiving automatic alerts in case of detecting consumption out of range to their average consumption record, which could indicate the presence of a leak.

7.	Industrial Internet: Industrial Internet is the new buzz in the industrial sector, also termed as Industrial Internet of Things ( IIoT ). It is empowering industrial engineering with sensors, software and big data analytics to create brilliant machines. According to Jeff Immelt, CEO, GE Electric, IIoT is a “beautiful, desirable and investable” asset. The driving philosophy behind IIoT is that, smart machines are more accurate and consistent than humans in communicating through data. And, this data can help companies pick inefficiencies and problems sooner. IIoT holds great potential for quality control and sustainability. Applications for tracking goods, real time information exchange about inventory among suppliers and retailers and automated delivery will increase the supply chain efficiency. According to GE the improvement industry productivity will generate $10 trillion to $15 trillion in GDP worldwide over next 15 years.

A.P2 Explain the principles and characteristics of IoT systems and/or services from different sectors

Here there Is an explanation of the principles and characteristics of IoT systems and /or services from different sectors. First of all, will start with the definition What is an IoT device

It’s a physical object that connects to the Internet. It can be a fitness tracker, a thermostat, a lock or appliance – even a light bulb. Let’s go with the principles of IoT systems or services from different sectors

•	Take a holistic view: IoT arrangements regularly comprise different gadgets with distinctive capabilities and both physical and advanced touchpoints. The arrangement may moreover be given in co-operation with numerous diverse benefit suppliers. It isn't sufficient to plan one of the touchpoints well, instead, you wish to require an all-encompassing see over the entire framework, the role of each device and benefit, and the conceptual demonstration of how the client gets it and sees the framework. The total framework ought to work consistently together to make a significant encounter.

•	Consider the context: IoT arrangements exist at the junction of the physical and advanced universes. Commands given through advanced interfacing may deliver genuine world impacts, but not at all like advanced commands, the activities happening within the real-world cannot necessarily be fixed. Within the genuine world setting parts of startling things can happen and at the same time client ought to be able to feel secure and in control. The setting places too other kind of necessities to the design. Depending on the physical context, the objective may well be to play down diversion of the client or e.g. to plan gadgets that hold up against changing climate conditions. IoT arrangements in homes, work environments and open zones are are ordinarily multi-user frameworks and in this way less individual than e.g. screen based arrangements utilized in smartphones, which too brings into picture the social setting where the arrangement is utilized and its’ prerequisites for the plan.

•	Build a strong brand: Due to the genuine world setting of the IoT arrangements, in any case of how carefully you plan things and point to construct believe, something unforeseen will happen at a few point and your arrangement is by one means or another getting to fall flat. In this kind of circumstances, it is of most extreme significance, simply have built a solid brand that genuinely resounds with the conclusion clients. When they feel associated to your brand, they will be more excusing approximately the system failures and will still keep on utilizing your arrangement. Whereas planning your brand, you must be beyond any doubt, that believe ought to be a key component of the brand, one of the center brand values. This center esteem ought to too be reflected within the rest of the brand components, just like the choice of color, tone of voice, symbolism etc.

•	Prototype early and often: Regularly HW and SW have very distinctive life expectancies, but as effective IoT arrangement needs both the HW and SW components, the life expectancies ought to be adjusted. At the same time, IoT arrangements are difficult to update, since once the associated protest is put some place, it isn't so simple to supplant it with a more up to date form, particularly on the off chance that the user would got to pay for the update and indeed the program inside the associated question may be difficult to overhaul due to security and security reasons. Due to these components and to maintain a strategic distance from expensive equipment cycles, it’s vital to urge the arrangement right, from the starting of execution. What this means from the plan perspective is that prototyping and quick cycle of both the HW and the complete arrangement are basic within the early stages of the venture. Unused, more inventive ways of prototyping and faking the arrangement are required.

•	Use data responsibly: IoT arrangements can effectively create tons of information. Be that as it may, the thought isn't to store as much information as conceivable, but instep to recognize the information focuses that are required to form the arrangement useful and valuable. Still, the sum of information may be tremendous, so it’s fundamental for the creator to understand the conceivable outcomes of information science and how to create sense of the information. Information science gives a parcel of openings to decrease client contact, i.e. decreasing utilize of time, vitality and consideration or reducing stretch. It can be utilized to computerize rehashed setting subordinate choices, to decipher expectation from incomplete/inadequate input or to channel significant signals from noise. Understanding what data is available and how it can be utilized to assist the client may be a key component in planning fruitful IoT administrations.

Let’s go on the characteristics of the oT system

	Intelligence and Identity – The extraction of information from the produced information is exceptionally imperative. For case, a sensor creates information, but that information will as it were be valuable in the event that it is translated legitimately. Each IoT gadget contains a special character. This recognizable proof is supportive in following the hardware and at times for questioning its status.

	Dynamic and Self-Adapting (Complexity) – IoT gadgets ought to powerfully adjust themselves to the changing settings and scenarios. Expect a camera implied for the observation. It ought to be versatile to work in several conditions and distinctive light circumstances (morning, evening, night).

	Scalability – The number of components associated to the IoT zone is expanding day by day. Subsequently, an IoT setup ought to be able of taking care of the enormous extension. The information produced as an result is gigantic, and it ought to be dealt with fittingly

	Architecture – IoT engineering cannot be homogeneous in nature. It ought to be crossover, supporting distinctive producers ‘ items to operate within the IoT organize. IoT isn't claimed by anybody designing department. IoT could be a reality when numerous spaces come together.

	Sensing: IoT wouldn’t be conceivable without sensors which is able distinguish or degree any changes within the environment to create information that can report on their status or even associated with the environment. Detecting advances give the implies to form capabilities that reflect a genuine mindfulness of the physical world and the individuals in it. The detecting data is essentially the simple input from the physical world, but it can give the wealthy understanding of our complex world.

	Security: IoT gadgets are normally defenseless to security dangers. As we pick up efficiencies, novel encounters, and other benefits from the IoT, it would be a botch to disregard almost security concerns related with it. There's a tall level of straightforwardness and protection issues with IoT. It is critical to secure the endpoints, the systems, and the information that's exchanged over all of it implies making a security worldview.

Let’s Compare the purpose, applications, principles and characteristics of IoT systems and/or services from different sectors.

Here let’s start with the purpose and application of IoT systems and/or services frim different sectors

Purpose	Application

The device then performs the command or can even send the information back over the network which has to be analysed	Water supply: A sensor, either incorporated or adjusted externally to water meters, connected to the Internet and accompanied by the necessary software, helps to collect, process and analyze data, which allows understanding the behavior of consumers, detecting faults in the supply service, report results and offer courses of action to the company that provides the service. This storing and analysing of data can be carried out in multiple locations which include- cloud, local database or sometimes the data himself	Not fair web get to to individuals in a city but to the gadgets in it as well – that’s what keen cities are assumed to be made of. And we are able gladly say that we’re going towards realizing this dream. Endeavors are being made to join associated innovation into infrastructural prerequisites and a few crucial concerns like Activity Administration, Squander Administration, Water Dissemination, Power Administration, and more. All these work towards dispensing with a few day-to-day challenges confronted by individuals and bring in included comfort. In case of an IoT Eco-system, the entity can use a remote (tablets, smartphones) for sending a command or request for information over an IoT device	Wearables : Virtual glasses, fitness bands to monitor for example calorie expenditure and heart beats, or GPS tracking belts, are just some examples of wearable devices that we have been using for some time now. Companies such as Google, Apple, Samsung and others have developed and introduced the Internet of Things and the application thereof into our daily lives

Principles	Characteristics

Put safety first: As the IoT arrangements are put within the genuine world setting, the results can be genuine, when something goes off-base. At the same ti,me the clients of the IoT arrangements may be bvaryoinusing unused innovation, so building belief ought to be one of your primary plan drivers. Belief is built gradually and misplaced easily, so you studied to create sure that each interaction with the product/service builds these instead of breaks them. What it does meamean prapracticeirst of all, it implies understanding conceivable mistake circumstances related to the content of use, HW, SW an,d organize as well as to client intuitive and attempting to avoid them. Connectivity – Connectivity: is a critical necessity of the IoT foundation. Things of IoT ought to be associated with the IoT framework. Anybody, anyplace, anytime can network ought to be ensured at all times Without association, nothing makes sense. Build a strong brand: Due to the genuine world setting of the IoT arrangements, in any case of how carefully you plan things and point to construct believe, something unforeseen will happen at a few point and your arrangement is by one means or another getting to fall flat. In this kind of circumstances, it is of most extreme significance, simply have built a solid brand that genuinely resounds with the conclusion clients. When they feel associated to your brand, they will be more excusing approximately the system failures and will still keep on utilizing your arrangement. Whereas planning your brand, you must be beyond any doubt, that believe ought to be a key component of the brand, one of the center brand values. Security: IoT gadgets are normally defenseless to security dangers. As we pick up efficiencies, novel encounters, and other benefits from the IoT, it would be a botch to disregard almost security concerns related with it. There's a tall level of straightforwardness and protection issues with IoT. It is critical to secure the endpoints, the systems, and the information that's exchanged over all of it implies making a security worldview. Focus on value: Within the world of IoT, client inquiry about and benefit plans are more vital than ever. Whereas early adopters are energetic to undertake out unused innovation, numerous others are hesitant to require modern innovation into utilize and cautious almost utilizing it, due to not feeling confident with it. For your IoT arrangement to become broadly received, you would like to burrow profound into users’ should find out where lies a problem genuinely worth tackling and what is the genuine end-user esteem of the arrangement.

Intelligence and Identity –

The extraction of information from the produced information is exceptionally imperative. For case, a sensor creates information, but that information will as it were be valuable in the event that it is translated legitimately. Each IoT gadget contains a special character. This recognizable proof is supportive in following the hardware and at times for questioning its status.

Evaluate the purpose, applications, principles and characteristics of IoT systems and/or services from different sectors.

The purpose of systems and services that make up the IoT is to improve:

• Productivity, e.g. in manufacturing organisations by allowing the analysis of processes in real time and using historical data to reduce downtime and ensure product conformity

• Safety and security, e.g. in the home by allowing the monitoring of household systems remotely such as intruder alarms and providing connectivity with emergency services

• Efficiency and effectiveness, e.g. by enabling the monitoring and analysis of air and water

• The experience and satisfaction of users by solving new and existing problems using technology, e.g. through the monitoring and control of heating systems. The application of IoT systems and services in different sectors:

•	Retail and commerce, including:

– tracking and tracing objects and people in the supply chain, e.g. order fulfilment and returns

– advertisement and consumer involvement

•	Home, including:

Energy monitoring and control systems – entertainment, e.g. motion tracking in video game controllers and mobile devices

•	Health and wellbeing, including:

– aiding and promoting good health, e.g. wearable devices

– monitoring of vital signs, e.g. pacemakers, and heart rate monitors

•	Industrial and transportation, including:

– machine control, e.g. to optimise machine performance in manufacturing

– road tolling, e.g. the electronic road toll passes using automatic number plate recognition systems and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies The principles that underpin common IoT systems and services, including:

•	The collection and analysis of data to trigger an action that results in a need being met

•	A reliance on the existing internet and telecommunications infrastructure that allows IoT systems and services to operate

•	Access to and/or analysis of real-time data before it is transmitted back to the cloud or server • access to and/or analysis of analogue data from the physical and natural world, e.g. light, sound, current, radio waves, humidity, vibrations, wind, video, pressure and time

•	Always-on connectivity that allows continuous monitoring of data from the physical world

•	The spectrum of insight, coving the five-phase data flow in real time (inmotion, early life, in rest and archive) and where data is processed at the point of collection in real time all the way to where archived data is used for modelling and analysis.

Characteristics of systems and services that make up the IoT

The general characteristics of IoT systems and services:

•	Risks, including security threats, e.g. hacking of connected cars allowing the intruder to operate a vehicle remotely and the extraction of names and financial account numbers from contactless payment services without authentication from the owner

•	Ethical and privacy considerations, including public and professional attitudes, opinions and behaviours towards IoT and a reduction of low-skilled employment opportunities

•	local legal considerations, e.g. use of data collected without consent and cybercrime and data protection

•	Sustainability considerations, e.g. power requirements, recycling and reuse of components

•	Benefits, including energy efficiency, e.g. transportation and in buildings, productivity gains, e.g. optimisation of processes in manufacturing, and agriculture, e.g. disease control and water use.

Understanding the technical characteristics of IoT systems and services:

•	low mobility when a device has low or no mobility during its lifetime or mobility during a specific region. It often applies to systems and/or devices with specific functions, e.g. payment, metering, point-of-sale kiosks or remote maintenance

•	Time controlled, where data is exchanged at certain predefined time periods and most applications have uses of time control

•	Monitoring to detect events or actions rather than the security of the device

•	low power consumption, including extremely low consumption over long periods of time, infrequent user interactions and no constant power sources

•	location-specific trigger, including waking the device in a specific area or location.