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SetPoint Medical Wikipedia Outline – Bioelectronic Medicine

This article is about the science or practice of using of precise electrical pulses to treat the underlying pathophysiology of chronic diseases.

1.	What is Bioelectronic Medicine?

a.	Bioelectronic medicine is a type of approach used to treat diseases and injuries using electrical pulses. All major organs of the body are innervated, allowing the brain to both monitor and regulate organ function. Bioelectronic medicine uses device technology to read and modulate the physiological activity by leveraging electrical activity within the nervous system. Nerve-stimulating devices are employed to modulate specific nerve activity and elicit a specific change in function of an organ. These devices are in clinical trials to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease.

Sources – •	https://www.feinsteininstitute.org/programs-researchers/bioelectronic-medicine/what-is-bioelectronic-medicine/ •	http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technology-topics/life-sciences/the-future-of-medicine-might-be-bioelectronic-implants •	https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-future-of-brain-implants-1394839583 •	Gregory, Andrew. “Arthritis miracle cure: Tiny electrical implant brings hope to millions of rheumatoid arthritis sufferers.” Irish Mirror, News,Technology & Science. 22 December 2014. Faktiva. •	Scanlon, Jessie. Bioelectronic medicine is a fast growing alternative to drugs. The Boston Globe. ISSN: 07431791. 6 December 2017. Faktiva.

2.	History of Bioelectronic Medicine a.	The use of electrical signals to influence the human body dates back to ancient times with the first known written document on the therapeutic application in AD 46, when Scribonius Largus, a Roman physician, mentioned the use of the electrical discharge from the electric ray in his work, Compositiones Medicae, to treat gout and headache. Since the advent of man-made electricity, electrical impulses have been developed for use in therapeutic applications. In the late 1800’s, physiologist John Alexander MacWilliam published writings in the British Medical Journal on his experiments with electrical impulses and the human heart through the development of the modern-day pacemaker and defibrillator. Since the 1950s, there have been many improvements to medical devices, including the advancement towards wearable transistorized models and implantable technology, new lead and leadless technologies, smaller device sizes, longer battery lives, and MRI compatibility, to name a few.

b.	There is controversy over bioelectronic medicine’s relationship to neuromodulation. Opponents of confounding the two assert that the key differential lies in the biological impact harnessing the body’s own mechanisms versus mediating or masking the symptoms. Others, however, contend that bioelectronic medicine is a form of neuromodulation.

Sources – •	https://loupventures.com/bioelectronic-medicine-an-introduction/ •	https://www.feinsteininstitute.org/programs-researchers/bioelectronic-medicine/what-is-bioelectronic-medicine/ •	https://bioelecmed.biomedcentral.com/ •	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4082307/ •	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25231328 JMP Securities Research

3.	The Inflammatory Reflex/Vagus Nerve

a.	Research in the field is driven primarily (but not only) by companies and research institutes applying stimulation from bioelectronic devices to the vagus nerve as a means to remedying a myriad of indications. The vagus nerve, the longest of the autonomic nervous system—which controls internal organs and glands—extends from the head to the abdomen, and has both sensory and motor functions.

Source – •	https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-bioelectronic-medicine-2015-6 •	https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/2018/06/11/approach-to-record-vagus-nerve-signals-could-bring-treatments-for-ms-other-inflammatory-diseases-study-suggests/

Additional publications •	Ortiz, Luiz. Key Bioelectronic Medical Patent for Cancer Treatment Issued by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office. ACCESSWIRE. 10 February 2015. Faktiva.