User:Campbellmotter/sandbox

Studies and Research Information

-Investigators at the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, studied whether young people’s substance use and aggressive behaviors was related to listening to music containing messages of substance use and violence. The data was collected by using self-administered questionnaires from a sample of community college students aged 15-25. Results showed that, “Listening to rap music [is] significantly and positively associated with alcohol use, problematic alcohol use, illicit drug use, and aggressive behaviors...” (1) Additionally, “alcohol and illicit drug use were positively associated with listening to musical genres of techno and reggae” (1).

-Researchers across Europe collaborated and examined relationships between music preferences and substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis) among 18,103 fifteen-year-olds from ten European countries. Results showed that, “...across Europe, preferences for mainstream Pop and High-brow (classical and jazz) were negatively associated with substance use, while preferences for Dance (house/trance and techno/hardhouse) were associated positively with substance use” (2). This concludes that there is a direct relationship between choice of music and adolescent substance abuse in other regions of the world besides America.

-Teenagers often fail to recognize that their music preferences may alter their values they hold on the acceptability of substance use. This is dangerous due to their young, undeveloped, and impressionable minds. The students who deal with substance abuse, more often than not, listen to genres such as Rap, Hip-Hop, and Techno. In addition, students who associated with the rave culture admit to struggling with psychedelic substance abuse such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. Researchers in the New York Department of Population Health examined rave attendees and relationships between recent use of various drugs in a representative sample of US high school seniors. Results showed that, “Rave attendees were more likely than non-attendees to report use of an illicit drug other than marijuana” (3). Additionally, “...attendees were more likely to report more frequent use (≥6 times) of each drug” (3).

- There are many music types and locations that have an immediate association with drugs. For example, " there was also a perceived association between EDM (electronic dance music) and drug culture,..."(4). There are very heavy stigma and stereotypes surrounding music like this, mainly at the locations they are held, such as a club or concert venue. Most audience members go to a rave to listen to EDM music. All of the flashing lights and colors adds to the experience, so that the audience can have a good time. Some audience members take drugs like MDMA to enhance this, however, that is only for some not the majority. The audience is so heavily embedded in this stereotype as drug takers that " [it] led governments at state and city levels to enact laws and policies intended to halt the spread of rave culture."(4). This shows the effect music can have on people taking drugs, and simply the assumption of drugs based off society and music type.

Works Cited

1. Chen, Meng-Jinn, Brenda A. Miller, Joel W. Grube, Elizabeth D. Waiters. “Music, substance use, and aggression” Journal of studies on alcohol vol. 67,3 (2006): 373-81.

2. Hublet, Anne, Tom F.M ter Bogt, Saoirse Nic Gabhainn, Bruce G. Simons-Morton, Mafalda Ferreira, Emmanuelle Godeau, Emmanuel Kuntsche, Matthias Richtar. “Dance is the new metal: adolescent music preferences and substance use across Europe” Substance use & misuse vol. 47,2 (2012): 130-42.

3. Palamar, Joseph J, Marybec Griffin-Tomas and Danielle C. Ompad. “Illicit drug use among rave attendees in a nationally representative sample of US high school seniors” Drug and Alcohol Dependence vol. 152 (2015): 24-31.

4.“Electronic Dance Music.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Mar. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_dance_music.