User:Cardinal0205/sandbox

My Sandbox
Hello, I think my interest in this course might be the gender wage gap.

Value Statements
In the "Criticism of the famous 77% number" section, there is usage of value words in the statement: "Most notably, equity feminist and philosopher Christina Hoff Sommers has repeatedly criticized the estimate, describing it as a 'wage gap myth'.[73][74][75]" I propose that "most notably" be removed to avoid any bias and stay consistent with an encyclopedic tone. Any comments to this type of revision? Cardinal0205 (talk) 19:15, 9 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I think "most notably" should be removed still. Sommers's criticism is different in content than Rosin's or Kessler's critiques in the section. The wording is misleading to say that Sommers is more prominent than the other critics. When searching for gender pay gap criticism in academic databases, Sommers isn't represented more than other critics. Cardinal0205 (talk) 18:14, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

Addition to the "Democratic Republic" Section
I propose adding the following new information to this section: "The Global Gender Gap ranking, found by compiling economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment scores, in 2009 was 67th out of 134 countries representing 90% of the globe, and its ranking has dropped to 86th out of 145 countries in 2015. " Cardinal0205 (talk) 03:13, 22 September 2016 (UTC)

Gender Pay Gap Sources
Here are my sources for contributing to this page, specifically focusing on the by country section: "Gender Earnings Discrimination in Jordan: Good Intentions Are Not Enough," The Global Gender Gap Report 2009, "Gender Wage Gap and Earnings: Predicted by Tenure in the Czech Republic," "Sectoral Gender Wage Gap in Vietnam," “Gender and the Wage Gap in Turkish Academia,” "Gender Earning Gaps Around the World: A Study of 64 Countries," The Global Gender Gap Report 2015, and "Labor Market Outcomes for Women in East Asia." Does anyone have any recommendations? Cardinal0205 (talk) 18:09, 29 September 2016 (UTC)

The World Economic Forum provides data from 2015 covering 145 countries including global gender gap rankings and scores based on economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment scores.

China
Using the gaps between men and women in economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment, The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 ranks China’s gender gap at 91 out of 145 countries (the lower the ranking, the narrower the gender gap), which is four rankings below 2014’s global index. China's 2015 gender gap score was 0.681 (1.00 being equality). As an upper middle income country, as classified by the World Bank, China is the “third-least improved country in the world” on the gender gap. The health and survival subindex is the lowest within the countries listed; this subindex takes into account the gender differences of life expectancy and sex ratio at birth (the ratio of male to female children to depict the preferences of sons in accordance with China’s One Child Policy). In particular, Jayoung Yoon claims the women's employment rate is decreasing. However, several of the contributing factors might be expected to increase women's participation. Yoon's contributing factors include: the traditional gender roles; the lack of childcare services provided by the state; the obstacle of childrearing; and the highly educated, unmarried women termed “leftover women” by the state. The term "leftover women" produces anxieties for women to rush marriage, delaying employment. In alignment with the traditional gender roles, the “Women Return to the Home” movement by the government encouraged women to leave their jobs to alleviate the men’s unemployment rate.

Japan
Jayoung Yoon analyzes Japan’s culture of the traditional male breadwinner model, where the husband works outside of the house while the wife is the caretaker. Despite these traditional gender roles for women, Japan's government aims to enhance the economy by improving the labor policies for mothers with Abenomix (2013), an economy revitalization strategy. Yoon believes Abenomix represents a desire to remedy the effects of an aging population rather than a desire to promote gender equality. Evidence for the conclusion is the finding that women are entering the workforce in contingent positions for a secondary income and a company need of part-time workers based on mechanizing, outsourcing and subcontracting. Therefore, Yoon states that women’s participation rates do not seem to be influenced by government policies but by companies’ necessities. The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 established that Japan’s economic participation and opportunity ranking (106th), 145th being the broadest gender gap, dropped from 2014 “due to lower wage equality for similar work and fewer female legislators, senior officials and managers."

Jordan
From a total of 145 states, the World Economic Forum calculates Jordan’s gender gap ranking for 2015 as 140th through economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment evaluations. Jordan is the “world’s second-least improved country” for the overall gender gap. The ranking dropped from 93rd in 2006. In contradiction to Jordan’s provisions within its constitution and being signatory to multiple conventions for improving the gender pay gap, there is no legislation aimed at gender equality in the workforce. According to The Global Gender Gap Report 2015, Jordan had a score of 0.61, 1.00 being equality, on pay equality for alike jobs.

Singapore
According to Jayoung Yoon, Singapore’s aging population and low fertility rates are resulting in more women joining the labor force in response to the government’s desire to improve the economy. The government provides tax relief to mothers in the workforce to encourage them to continue working. Yoon states that “as female employment increases, the gender gap in employment rates…narrows down” in Singapore. As a matter of fact, The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 ranks Singapore’s gender gap at 54th out of 145 states globally based on the economic participation and opportunity, the educational attainment, the health and survival, and the political empowerment subindexes (a lower rank means a smaller gender gap). The gender gap narrowed from 2014's ranking of 59. In the Asia and Pacific region, Singapore has evolved the most in the economic participation and opportunity subindex, yet it is lower than the region’s means in educational attainment and political empowerment.

South Korea
As stated by Jayoung Yoon, South Korea’s female employment rate has increased since the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis as a result of women 25 to 34 years old leaving the workforce later to become pregnant and women 45 to 49 years old returning to the workforce. Mothers are more likely to continue working after child rearing on account of the availability of affordable childcare services provided for mothers previously in the workforce or the difficulty to be rehired after taking time off to raise their children. The World Economic Forum found that, in 2015, South Korea had a score of 0.55, 1.00 being equality, for pay equality for alike jobs. From a total of 145 countries, South Korea had a gender gap ranking of 115th (the lower the ranking, the narrower the gender gap). On the other hand, political empowerment dropped to half of the percentage of women in the government in 2014.