User:CarherVer/sandbox

A New Species of Caupolicana s.str. from the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico, and a Key to North American Species of the Subgenus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

CARLOS H. VERGARA 1 AND CHARLES D. MICHENER 2†

1 Departamento de Quı´mica y Biologı´a, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, 72820 Santa Catarina Ma´rtir,

Puebla, Mexico, e-mail: carlosh.vergara@udlap.mx

2 Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum and Entomology Program, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA, e-mail: michener@ku.edu

Accepted 13 June 2003; revised 21 September 2003

JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 77(4), 2004, pp. 783–787

ABSTRACT: Caupolicana (Caupolicana) evansi, a new species similar to C. yarrowi (Cresson), is described from the Valley of Zapotitlán de las Salinas, in the Tehuacán Desert and from the nearby Cuicatlán Valley of Mexico. A key to the six North American species of Caupolicana s.str. is included.

RESUMEN: Se describe a Caupolicana (Caupolicana) evansi, una nueva especie, similar a C. yarrowi (Cresson). La especie descrita se encuentra en el Desierto de Tehuacán y en el Valle de Cuicatlán, en México. Se incluye una clave para las seis especies norteamericanas de Caupolicana s.str.

KEY WORDS: Caupolicana evansi, Diphaglossinae, Colletidae, Puebla, Oaxaca, Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico

The Caupolicana described below is the largest North American species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). It was first collected by Howard Evans in 1951 in the southern part of the state of Puebla and the specimen was deposited in the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas. In Michener’s (1966) revision of the North American species of the genus it was included as the southernmost record of Caupolicana yarrowi (Cresson), but its distinctive features were described and the possibility that it represented a new species was mentioned. In 1996, as part of a survey of the bee fauna of the Valley of Zapotitlán de las Salinas, in the Tehuacán Desert of Puebla, Mexico (Vergara and Ayala, 2002), one of us (C.H.V) collected a second specimen from the same area; it agrees very well with Evans’ specimen taken 45 years earlier. Moreover, in 1975 John L. Neff collected one specimen from a locality only 13 km from Zapotitlán de las Salinas but in the state of Oaxaca. On further study, we are convinced that these specimens represent a distinctive new species, perhaps restricted to these southern xeric areas of Mexico. With pleasure we dedicate the new species to the collector of the first known specimen, Howard E. Evans.

One reason for describing this large species now is the hope that other collectors will reveal the time of flight activities and the flowers visited by females for pollen.

In the descriptive material below, the terminology is derived from that of Michener (2000). The abbreviations T and S are for metasomal terga and sterna; thus T3 indicates the third metasomal tergum.

Caupolicana  (Caupolicana ) evansi  Vergara and Michener, new species

(Figs. 2, 3)

Caupolicana (Caupolicana) yarrowi; Michener, 1966: 733–736, southernmost record

(Tehuacán, Puebla, Mexico) only.

Caupolicana (Caupolicana) new species, Vergara and Ayala, 2002: 18.

Figs. 1 and 2. Upper views of left front femora of males, outer or posterior side below, trochanteral articulation

at upper right. 1, Caupolicana yarrowi; 2, C. evansi.

Fig. 3. Caupolicana evansi, holotype male, lateral and posterodorsal views.

The following description is based on that of C. yarrowi in Michener (1966) with the characters numbered to facilitate comparison and with the characters that differentiate C. evansi in bold.

Male: Length 22 mm; forewing length 15.5 mm measured from wing tip to base of basal enlargement of the costa; head width 5.2 mm (5.0 mm in the Oaxaca paratype; body and wing lengths probably also less than in other specimens but not accurately measurable).

1. Inner orbits converging above. Eyes closest on a line that is tangent to posterior margins of posterior ocelli, the latter far in front of posterior margins of eyes; ocellar diameters about equal to maximum width of scape; ocellocular distance about three fourths of width of ocellus. 2. Basal part of labrum with two distinct longitudinal ridges submedially and weak longitudinal wrinkles laterally. 3. First flagellar segment longer than scape. 4. Anterior femur expanded basally, with posterior basal projection so that it is less than twice as long as broad (Fig. 2); middle and hind femora progressively more slender. 5. Anterior femur with rather dense long hair on lower surface, especially dense near posterobasal angle; other femora with only short, sparse hairs ventrally except for small basal patch of rufescent hairs on middle femur; mid basitarsus broadest medially (parallel sided in yarrowi). 6. Hind basitarsus with nearly apical half wider than basal half, basitarsus little over half as long as slender and distinctly curved tibia. 7. Propodeal triangle without transverse ridges. 8. Posterior margin of S2 more deeply emarginate than in yarrowi; S3 and S4 broadly emarginate. 9. Apex of S6 rounded. 10. Hidden sterna and genitalia as shown for yarrowi in Figs. 13–17 of Michener (1966) except apex of distal process of S8 slightly broader and rounded laterally than in at least some specimens of yarrowi. 11. Integument black, legs black or brownish black, under side of flagellum brown (blackish in Oaxaca paratype), tegula brown. Wings light brownish with dark brown to blackish veins and stigma. 12. Pubescence of head yellowish white, ochraceous and fuscous on vertex; some fuscous hairs intermixed above antennal bases; pubescence of thorax, legs, and T1 light reddish brown, paler on venter and on coxae, trochanters and femora; individual hairs often paler basally and darkened apically; a few hairs with dusky apices on posterior margin of T1; dorsum of T2 to T7 with hair black, apical white band of T2 narrowed medially (Fig. 3), apparently worn off medially in paratypes; T3 with white on lateral fourth, absent mid dorsally (white hairs absent or worn off in Oaxaca paratype); T4 with white band on lateral third (reduced to small spot or otherwise worn off in Oaxaca paratype); band of T3 narrower than that of T4 of holotype (badly worn on T4 of paratypes); S1 and most of S2 with white hair, following sterna with blackish hair (S3 with some whitish hair in Oaxaca paratype).

Holotype male: MEXICO:  Puebla: Zapotitlán Salinas, 188139370N 978359090W, 15 September 1996 (C. H. Vergara), from flowers of Salvia polystachya Ortega, in the collection of the Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Paratype male:  Puebla: Tehuacán, 23 June 1951 (H. E. Evans) in the Entomology Division, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. The terminalia of this paratype are preserved in glycerine in a microvial on the specimen’s pin. Paratype male:  Oaxaca: Santiago Chazumba, 13 September 1975 (J. L. Neff, on flowers of Salvia, in the collection of the Central Texas Melittological Institute, Austin, Texas, USA. Dr. Neff’s field notes show that the actual collection site was only two miles southwest of the Puebla-Oaxaca line.

Caupolicana specca Snelling from Baja California also has the white metasomal bands reduced, even more so than in C. evansi; in C. specca there are only small lateral spots of white hairs on T2 and T4. It is also much smaller than C. evansi with the front femur of the male more slender than in C. yarrowi although swollen basally.

The seasonal activity indicated by the three known specimens of C. evansi is interesting. The paratypes, collected in June and September, are badly worn with the distal margins of the wings entirely gone. The holotype, also collected in September, is in fresh and unworn condition. Perhaps there are overlapping generations so that both fresh and badly worn specimens fly at the same season.

The southernmost record of Caupolicana yarrowi is at Pachuca in the state of Hidalgo, about 250 km northwest of the known range of C. evansi.

Key to the North American Species of Caupolicana (Caupolicana) s.str.

The quite possibly paraphyletic subgenus Caupolicana s.str. is abundant in temperate South America but in North America the southernmost record of the subgenus is in the state of Oaxaca where C. evansi is found. The following key distinguishes the six species of the subgenus known in North America.

1. Apical bands of white hair on T2, T3 and usually T4 strong and continuous. . . . 2

– Apical bands of white hair on T3, T4 and usually T2 absent, represented by lateral spots, broadly broken medially, or if continuous, very narrow and inconspicuous

(little more than a marginal row of short white hairs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2. Antenna yellowish red; ocellar diameter nearly twice maximum width of scape (western Kansas, western Texas, west to Chihuahua and southeastern

Arizona) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ocellata Michener

– Antenna largely dark brown or black; ocellar diameter little if any greater than maximum width of scape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3. Labrum without lateral wrinkles; propodeal triangle of male with coarse transverse wrinkles; anterior femur of male not swollen, more than three times as long as

broad (southern Florida). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . floridana Michener and Deyrup

– Labrum laterally with longitudinal wrinkles: propodeal triangle without coarse transverse wrinkles; anterior femur of male swollen basally on posterior side, little

more than twice as long as broad (Fig. 1) (Southwestern Texas [J. Neff in litt.] and New Mexico to central Arizona, south to Hidalgo). . . . . . . . . . . yarrowi (Cresson)

4. Anterior femur of male not enlarged basally, similar in shape to mid femur, over three times as long as broad; white metasomal hair bands absent or represented by

short white hairs along tergal margins resulting in extremely narrow, inconspicuous, sometimes broken, bands (North Carolina to southern Alabama and northern Florida)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . electa (Cresson)

– Anterior femur of male enlarged basally on posterior side, little if any more than twice as long as broad; white metasomal hair bands broadly broken on T3 and T4

or absent on T3 but represented by lateral spot on T4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5. Anterior femur of male produced to strong basal angle on posterior side, less than twice as long as broad (Fig. 2); T2 with white band narrow or worn off medially,

T3 and T4 with white bands broadly broken (Puebla, Oaxaca). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . evansi Vergara and Michener

– Anterior femur of male with posterior basal region swollen but rounded, femur a little more than twice as long as broad; T3 without white hairs, T2 and T4 each

with posterior lateral spot of white hairs, that of T2 particularly small (Baja California Sur). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . specca Snelling

Acknowledgments

We are especially indebted to Dr. John L. Neff (Central Texas Melittological Institute) for calling our attention to the specimen that he collected in Oaxaca and making it available to us. We thank Roy Snelling for the loan of a paratype of Caupolicana specca from the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Funding for C.H.V.’s travels was provided by the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) as project H278, ‘‘Apoidea (Hymenoptera) del Valle de Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla.’’ For the photographic illustrations we are indebted to Dr. Michael S. Engel and a Microptics ML-1000 Digital Imaging System.

Literature Cited

Michener, C. D. 1966. The classification of the Diphaglossinae and North American species of the genus Caupolicana (Hymenoptera, Colletidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46:717–751.

Michener, C. D. 2000. The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. xiv ﬂ 913 pp.

Vergara, C. H., and R. Ayala. 2002. Diversity, phenology and biogeography of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla, Mexico. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 75:16–30.