User:Carlyroell/Atrina pectinata

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=== Lead: The species, Atrina pectinata is of Korean descent and is a highly profitable type of shellfish. The number of shellfish caught has declined since 1990. Due to little known information about this type of shellfish, a study using 125 Atrina pectinata was conducted to determine the genetic structure of the species. After testing, there was no genetic structure found. ===

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Intro/appearance: This species is a large wedge-shaped bivalve and is from the family called Pinnidae. Its looks are patchy with small clusters. Atrina pectinata have the nickname “Kijogae” due to its appearance as a traditional Korean tool.

Location: A. pectinata is widely located in the Indo-West Pacific. The shellfish is a inhabitant of muddy or sandy surfaces. In Korea, the shellfish is located 20 to 50 m in depth underneath the ocean in muddy areas. The specific locations of pen shell in Korean waters are the south seashore of Yeojaman, the west seashore of Boryeong and the Taean.

Resource/commerical use: This species serves as a commercial value, especially in the country of Korea. It serves great purpose in Korean fisheries. The shellfish was also desired for its taste for several years before its decline in the 1990s.

Decline of species: Atrina pectinata has decreased rapidly since 1990 in result to over-fishing, habitat loss from coastal development, pollution, etc. However, an effort to preserve this species has been made by aquaculture development.

Genetic structure: Little is known about the genetic background of the pen shell species. It is crucial to understand this concept of genetic variability in order to help preserve A. pectinata. The genetic differentiation is unknown of this species because only the morphological forms are located in the Pacific coast of China. By knowing the genetic information of Atrina pectinata, insight on its standard supply for selective breeding. In a way to conserve the shellfish species, micro-satellite markers have been used to access the genetic variability and differentiation of Atrina pectinata. Only one finding has shown that micro-satellite markers were able to find genetic differentiation among the wild and hatchery population in Korea. However, more sources need to confirm the genetic information and diversity of the pen shell in order to conserve the species.

Classification
There are two physical morphs of Atrina pectinata, scaly and smooth, as a result of how the shells develop. Recent research suggests that the two morphs are different enough for them to be taxonomically distinguishable.

Development
A suspension study of Atrina pectinata showed that in artificial habitats, gonad development occurred at the same time for both male and female pen shells and corresponded to warming water temperatures and increased food availability. Spawning occurs after gonad development during the period from May to September and expended gonads are ejected in the fall. 1.6% of spawning individuals are hermaphroditic. During this period of reproductive development and spawning, stored carbon in the form of glycogen is consumed.

References:
An, Hye Suck, Jang Wook Lee, and Chun Mae Dong. "Population genetic structure of Korean pen shell (Atrina pectinata) in Korea inferred from microsatellite marker analysis." Genes & Genomics 34 (2012): 681-688.

Yukio Maeno, Kengo Suzuki, Tatsuya Yurimoto, Reiko Fuseya, Setsuo Kiyomoto, Satoshi Ohashi, and Hiroshi Oniki "Maturation Process of Broodstock of the Pen Shell Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus, 1767) in Suspension Culture," Journal of Shellfish Research 28(3), 561-568, (1 August 2009).