User:Carruxton/Cyclostomi

Cyclostomi Article Review - Class 2/18/2022
After reviewing the Cyclostomi Article, the article did consist of relevant information regarding its topic. However half-way through under a section labeled "Internal Differences and Similarities," the facts were organized in a disjointed manner that was distracting. The disjointedness was created from the way the authors jumped from fact to fact without much elaboration between topics/ideas, thus some information was underrepepresented. The article was neutral to the topic, there were no apparent biases. The citation links worked in the article, however in certain parts of their writing, they seemed to be missing in-text citations, as they would write about a subject for an entire paragraph or two without citations until the end. Additionally, the links in the refrences section, roughly 17-30 were not cited correctly. One of the links actually took us to information that was from a ".com," where there was no author listed, and was not from a primary literature source. There is definitely room for elaboration, organization, and new information in this article. The article could also benefit from the addition of a phylogenetic tree to help as a visual aid with the relationships the authors were trying to make. The Talk page of the article discussed changes to elevate the article, and a few changes to links and sources that were made. The Talk page is relatively short. The article is rated as "start class" - an article that is still in development. The article on Cyclostomata discusses it differently than we discussed it in class, their ideas on the article are more abstract and disjointed, whereas the textbook and lectures from class give Cyclostomata a clear definition.

A Possible Revision to the Cyclostomi Article
Going based off of citation 28 in the article, they seemed to have possibly plagiarised 2 paragraphs. A small change I might make would be to add citations in this first paragraph. Likewise, when I researched the semicircular canals for hagfishes containing sterocilia, I could not find where they found this information, as information for it only appears for jawed vertebrates. Since I cannot find a citation for this, I would be tempted to remove that sentence until proper information could be found.

"Comprised of one horizontal plane and two vertical planes, jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) contain three semicircular canals in each inner ear. In jawless Cyclostomi, it has been found the inner ear of hagfish contains a single vertical canal, and lampreys contain two. The semicircular canal of hagfishes contains both stereocilia and a second class of hair cells, apparently a derived trait, whereas lampreys and other vertebrates have stereocilia only. Because the inner ear of hagfish and lamprey's have sensory ampullae, their single semicircular canal is assumed to be a result of two semicircular canals that have merged into just one.

Besides changing this paragraph, I would also recommend on the Cyclostomi talk page to change the title of "Internal differences and Similarities" to specify the differences and similarities to the organisms the are comparing. For instance "Synapomorphies of Lamprey's and Hagfish." I would also recommend they depict a picture of the semicircular canals so readers have a visual aid to reference. Within this paragraph, I added three citations since there were none, and re-worded the first two sentences. I added some of these ideas to the Cyclostomi Talk page.

Reference 27
Has no title, no author, but was published in 2018. This does not appear to be a credible source. The corresponding paragraph that was cited from this article was:

"The mouth apparatus in hagfishes and adult lampreys has some similarities, but differ from one another. Lampreys have tooth plates on the top of a tongue-like piston cartilage, and the hagfish have a fixed cartilagous plate on the floor of its mouth with groves that allows tooth plates to slide backwards and forwards over it like a conveyor belt, and are everted as they move over the edge of the plate. Hagfishes also have a keratinous palatine tooth hanging from the roof of the mouth. "[27]

Reference 28
Has a title, comes from a published book, the source they listed seems to be in the wrong format on the Cyclostomi page, I created a new citation on this page for it, and it is in the correct format. The source is also from 1985 - which could be considered outdated. Likewise it is cited for two paragraphs - these two paragraphs could be plagerized since there is no other citations listed for these two paragraphs. These two paragraphs are listed below:

"Unlike jawed vertebrates, which have three semicircular canals in each inner ear, lampreys have only two and hagfishes just one. The semicircular canal of hagfishes contains both stereocilia and a second class of hair cells, apparently a derived trait, whereas lampreys and other vertebrates have stereocilia only. Because the inner ear of hagfishes has two forms of sensory ampullae, their single semicircular canal is assumed to be a result of two semicircular canals that have merged into just one.

The hagfish blood is isotonic with seawater, while lampreys appears to use the same gill-based mechanisms of osmoregulation as marine teleosts. Yet the same mechanisms are apparent in the mitochondria-rich cells in the gill epithelia of hagfishes, but never develops the ability to regulate the blood's salinity, even if they are capable of regulating the ionic concentration of Ca and Mg ions. It has been suggested that the hagfish ancestors evolved from an anadromous or freshwater species that has since adapted to saltwater over a very long time, resulting in higher electrolyte levels in its blood. "[28]

Reference 29
This is a credible reference from a journal article, the citation was created correctly, and is not outdated. The sentence refereced from this page is below:

"The lamprey intestine has a typhlosole that increases the inner surface like the spiral valve does in some jawed vertebrates. The spiral valve in the latter develops by twisting the whole gut, while the lamprey typhlosole is confined to the mucous membrane of the intestines. The mucous membranes of hagfishes have a primitive typhlosole in the form of permanent zigzag ridges. This trait could be a primitive one, since it is also found in some sea squirts such as Ciona". [29]

Reference 30
This is from a published book (2011), so not considered to be out dated. It appears that the citation they created could be formatted incorrectly. The sentence that was cited from it is:

The intestinal epiphelia of lampreys also have ciliated cells, which have not been detected in hagfishes. Because ciliated intestines are also found in Chondrostei, lungfishes and the early stages of some teleosts, it is considered a primitive condition that has been lost in hagfishes. [30]