User:Casademasa/sandbox

= Anti-Surveillance Protests = Anti-surveillance Protests are a form of social protest against surveillance and in favor of maintaining an individual's right to privacy. As technology has advanced, governments and private entities around the world have developed an increased capacity to surveil the general populace. While this surveillance can be targeted toward key individuals of interest, it can also be applied indiscriminately to a population as a whole, referred to as mass surveillance. Due to the rise of mass surveillance, many groups have mobilized social movements in order to challenge the surveillance of government and other entities, and to win back the right to privacy for everyday citizens. Methods of protests vary widely from art projects critiquing surveillance states to mass mobilizations both online and in person. This issue rose in popularity in large part due to whistleblower Edward Snowden who leaked classified NSA documents that illustrated the extent to which the U.S. government, European governments, and telecommunications companies were enacting surveillance onto average citizens who had no connections to crime or illicit behavior. This has opened up a larger dialogue about global forms of state surveillance and has led to the emergence of social movements against surveillance around the world.

Mass Surveillance, Deterrence, and Panopticon
Mass surveillance has been studied by scholars as having a theoretical background in maintaining social control of deviance and deterring criminal activity. Mass surveillance is indiscriminate and affects the entire populace regardless of their affiliation to crime or subversive activity. This creates an environment where individuals are being surveilled but are unaware of the level of surveillance taking place. The origins of this idea can be traced back to Jeremy Bentham's panopticon, a prison design and framework for social control of deviance that allows a prison guard anonymity while surveilling prisoners, therefore not allowing the prisoner to know when they are actually being watched or not. Due to this ambiguity, prisoners will begin to monitor themselves and discipline themselves due to the constant threat of uncertain surveillance. This is the idea behind mass surveillance, as individuals are unaware of the extent of surveillance or when it is taking place, so they will patrol themselves thus deterring illicit activity. However, according to Foucault, there are two possible outcomes to this type of surveillance. One is deterrence wherein the individual will become docile to the wants of the guard or institution of power, and will discipline themselves to not enact the unwanted behavior. This is likely to occur when individuals are isolated from others, and are unable to witness the surveillance taking place. The alternate outcome is resistance, where individuals will resist and fight against this surveillance and exertion of power; this is likely to occur when individuals are able to communicate and can actually see the surveillance taking place.

Mass Surveillance Controversy
There is existing scholarly debate about the efficacy and moral implications of this type of surveillance in deterring unwanted criminal activity. Some researchers argue that mass surveillance prevents discriminatory practices of targeted surveillance against marginalized groups because it indiscriminately surveils the general populace as a whole. Additionally, proponents of mass surveillance argue that more targeted methods of surveillance tend to be more intrusive and stigmatizing, so by diffusing the level of intrusion to a wider range of people, mass surveillance is less invasive and noticeable. Furthermore, methods of mass surveillance often prove to be highly effective in deterring illegal activity from occurring the first place.

Critics of mass surveillance argue that it is a violation of an individual's rights to privacy, and assumes that someone is guilty even if they have no affiliation with crime. Mass surveillance is argued to produce a chilling effect wherein people are deterred from exercising their legally protected rights out of fear of retribution. The mere act of closely surveilling activity can impede individuals from engaging in behavior that may critique social systems of power, and the institutionalization of surveillance allows for methods of more involved censorship to be more easily implemented. Critics also note that surveillance disproportionately impacts marginalized communities, as widespread surveillance has turned privacy into a commodity that is only accessible to people with access to capital. It is for these reasons that surveillance is generally unpopular among citizens, especially in nations where there is constitutional protection of privacy.

Emergence of Social Movements
The United States has participated in mass surveillance over many different decades for different political objectives. Contemporary surveillance was increased in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. This created the political conditions to pass surveillance legislation such as the Patriot Act, Protect America Act, and Total Information Awareness. There were not many public protests or popularized campaigns against this legislation, until the 2013 leak of private NSA and CIA documents by Edward Snowden that revealed that most major telecommunication companies were cooperating with the NSA to reveal the private phone calls and records of average Americans en masse. Additionally, a program called Dishfire allowed the NSA intercept 200 million text messages every day and can undermine self phone encryption. These leaks also revealed the NSA program XKeyscore which complies massive far reaching data about any internet users activity online, and allows the NSA to access this information without any warrant or permission.

"Stop Watching Us"
Stop Watching Us included a march of about 5000 people who rallied in Washington, DC against the NSA's excessive surveillance in wake of the Snowden leaks. This campaign sought to take advantage of the political moment that was revealed through the leaks, as many Americans had lost faith in the government and were disturbed by these revelations. Stop Watching US sought to expand the consciousness of the average Americans and mobilize them into action to stop the heavy use of surveillance. There were various satellite protests that occurred in cities outside of Washington DC. The protests were successful at mobilizing people's interest and investment in the issue, naming the problem of surveillance, and expanding the average American consciousness of regular mass surveillance. The mobilized group wrote letters to congress demanding that congress conduct an internal investigation of the federal government's spying practices.

"The Day We Fight Back"
The Day We Fight Back was an internet mobilization that called upon internet users to resist the widespread surveillance of internet activity as revealed by Snowden. The tactics used included the creation of viral political messaging memes, online banners, and campaigns to write to political representatives. One of the primary objectives of this day of online activism was to pass the USA Freedom Act which was proposed to reverse federal permissions of mass surveillance that were revealed in the Snowden leaks, and to reject the FISA improvements Act which was legislation that sought to restore public trust in the federal government by limiting the collection of data in bulk, and only allowing a storage time of up to 5 years. Many major companies such as Yahoo and Reddit supported the event by posting banners the movement's banners on their sites. The online movement had over 555,000 people send emails to their representatives in order to pass the act. The USA Freedom Act was eventually passed in 2015.

"Freiheit statt Angst (Freedom not Fear)"
Freiheit statt Angst was a march of thousands of individuals from over 30 cities in Germany who gathered in October, 2008 to protest mass data collection of citizens and increased surveillance in the country. This protest emergence was in response to the passage of the Data Retention Directive in 2006. This legislation obliged communications service providers to retain data about user communications for up to two years. The German advocacy group that played a key role in the organization of the march and challenging of this legislation was Arbeitskreis Vorratsdatenspeicherung or AK Vorrat (Working Group on Data Retention). In addition to the march, the movement also filed a constitutional complaint against the Data Retention Directive through the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. While this movement started in response to this specific legislation, it expanded to become a larger rallying cry throughout the EU about the importance of protecting the freedom and civil liberty of the right to privacy.


 * 1) ^
 * 2) ^ "Stoppt die Vorratsdatenspeicherung! - Constitutional complaint filed against German Telecomms Data Retention Act (2007-12-31)". www.vorratsdatenspeicherung.de. Retrieved 2021-04-11.

= Article Rough Draft Week 7 =

= Privacy Protests = Privacy Protests are a form of social protest against surveillance and in favor of maintaining an individual's right to privacy. As technology has advanced, governments and private entities around the world have developed an increased capacity to surveil the general populace. While this surveillance can be targeted toward key individuals of interest, it can also be applied indiscriminately to a population as a whole, referred to as mass surveillance. Mass surveillance is particularly concerning and unpopular among average citizens, especially in the United States where there is constitutional protection of privacy. Due to the rise of mass surveillance, many groups have mobilized social movements in order to challenge the surveillance of government and other entities, and to win back the right to privacy for everyday citizens. This issue rose in popularity in large part due to whistleblower Edward Snowden who leaked classified NSA documents that illustrated the extent to which the U.S. government was surveilling average citizens who had no connections to crime or illicit behavior. Many social movements against surveillance and in favor of privacy have emerged around the world in direct response to the Snowden's leaks, including "Stop Watching Us" in the United States.

Deterrence Theory and Panopticon
Jeremy Bentham's panopticon is a prison design and framework for social control of deviance that allows a prison guard anonymity while surveilling prisoners therefore not allowing the prisoner to know when they are actually being watched or not. Due to this ambiguity, prisoners will begin to monitor themselves and discipline themselves due to the constant threat of uncertain surveillance. This is the idea behind mass surveillance, as individuals are unaware of the extent of surveillance or when it is taking place, so they will patrol themselves thus deterring illicitly activity. However, according to Foucault, there are two possible outcomes to this type of surveillance. One is deterrence wherein the individual will become docile to the wants of the guard or institution of power, and will discipline themselves to not enact the unwanted behavior. This is likely to occur when individuals are isolated from others, and are unable to witness the surveillance taking place. The alternate outcome is resistance, where individuals will resist and fight against this surveillance and exertion of power; this is likely to occur when individuals are able to communicate and can actually see the surveillance taking place.

United States
The United States has participated in mass surveillance over many different decades for different political objectives. Contemporary surveillance was increased in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. This created the political conditions to pass surveillance legislation such as the Patriot Act, Protect America Act, and Total Information Awareness. There were not many public protests or popularized campaigns against this legislation, until the 2013 leak of private NSA and CIA documents by Edward Snowden that revealed that most major telecommunication companies were cooperating with the NSA to reveal the private phone calls and records of average Americans en masse. Additionally, a program called Dishfire allowed the NSA intercept 200 million text messages every day and can undermine self phone encryption. These leaks also revealed the NSA program XKeyscore which complies massive far reaching data about any internet users activity online, and allows the NSA to access this information without any warrant or permission.

"Stop Watching Us"
Stop Watching Us included a march of about 5000 people who rallied in Washington, DC against the NSA's excessive surveillance in wake of the Snowden leaks. This campaign sought to take advantage of the political moment that was revealed through the leaks, as many Americans had lost faith in the government and were disturbed by these revelations. Stop Watching US sought to expand the consciousness of the average Americans and mobilize them into action to stop the heavy use of surveillance.

"The Day We Fight Back"
The Day We Fight Back was an internet mobilization that called upon internet users to resist the widespread surveillance of internet activity as revealed by Snowden. The tactics used included the creation of viral political messaging memes, online banners, and campaigns to write to political representatives.

Lead section
Privacy has become a popularized issue that concerns people around the world. Many groups have mobilized social movements in order to challenge the surveillance of government and other entities, and to win back the right to privacy for everyday citizens. This issue has emerged due to the work of whistleblowers such as Edward Snowden, who have helped educated the public about the extent of surveillance and have pushed privacy to the forefront of people's minds. Many social movements against surveillance and in favor of privacy have emerged around the world, including "Stop Watching Us" in the United States, and "Freiheit statt Angst (Freedom not fear)" in Germany.

Outline Global Protests against surveillance
a. Stop Watching Us

include context and social factors leading to the emergence of these protests

b. freiheit_statt_angst

include context and social factors leading to the emergence of these protests

c. Others pending research

III. Impact

Did these movements win any concessions are cause any social changes IV. Future of this topic

what are upcoming more recent or emerging protest in favor of privacy

List of articles to link to:
Freiheit statt Angst

Stop Watching Us

Edward Snowden

Mass surveillance in East Germany

Mass surveillance in the United States

Mass surveillance in China

Protest and dissent in China

The Day We Fight Back

Restore the Fourth

Reactions to global surveillance disclosures

Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)

Federal Intelligence Service

Surveillance Protest
I want to create this article because there is little information about this topic on wikipedia or other sources. This touched on relevant topics of privacy and shows that there have been mass mobilizations against the increasing encroachment upon privacy by Big Tech, government, and other agents. These actions are occurring globally, illustrated that this is a highly international issue.

Outline
I. Introduction

a. explain the relevance of this topic and some of the issues that created the emergence of social movements against surveillance.

b. explain the general idea, demands, and trends about this topic

II. Examples

a. Stop Watching Us

b. freiheit_statt_angst

c. Others pending research

III. Impact

IV. Future of this topic

= Evaluation of Article: Public health surveillance =

Evaluating content

 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * Everything is very relevant to topic. However, the article tracks how public healthy surveys the flu and diabetes in depth but did not really go into any other illnesses or public health techniques
 * Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
 * Most of the sources and information are up-to date. The article uses a few sources that were published over 10 years ago, but there is a balance of newer sources as well. This article provides a good launching point but it could provide more information about public health surveillance of other diseases or could have expanded more on the relationship between tech like google and twitter, and public health surveillance.
 * Can you identify any notable equity gaps? Does the article underrepresent or misrepresent historically marginalized populations?
 * This article has no mention of underrepresented groups. That could be viewed as a weakness of the article since privacy and access to healthcare are tightly interwoven with social stratification.
 * What else could be improved?
 * the article has a good starting point but could be expanded on to include more information and examples.

Evaluating Tone

 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * The article is very neutral. It is just detailing different modes of public health surveillance without giving an opinion.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * The article could present possible critiques or challenges of public health surveillance. It could represent the limitations or issues that come up to present a more balanced view.

Evaluating Sources

 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * The links are functional and the sources are from government or academic sources. These sources support the overall claim of the article
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
 * Each fact contains an appropriate reference from usually an academic article however there are a few news article sources. No bias is noted or is obvious based on this review.
 * Do the sources come from a diverse array of authors and publications?
 * The articles re-uses some sources or got multiple sources from the same journal. There are a couple of sources that are news articles.

Checking the talk page

 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * There is some discussion of format, verifying sources, and on controversy of "sousveillance"
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * WikiProject Medicine	(Rated B-class, Mid-importance) WikiProject Health and fitness	(Rated C-class, Low-importance)  WikiProject Computing	(Rated Start-class, Low-importance)  WikiProject Occupational Safety and Health	(Rated B-class, High-importance)
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
 * it expands more on public health

= Evaluation of Article: Information privacy =


 * The lead section is very concise but is a little too sparse as it does not detail what the article will cover, but provides only a few sentences of general information.
 * The cable TV section is sparse and relies very heavily on a direct quote instead of summary.
 * The financial privacy section could have been more well-cited or included more implications about financial privacy other than just identity theft and consumer surveillance.
 * While the information types section goes into more generalized information about its relevance to the topic, the education section uses a very specific example from the U.K.
 * It is not clear if this article is attempting to explore a global generalizable coverage of the topic, as it uses selective examples in the information types section.
 * I think the internet section could have gone into more depth about social media and cookie tracking but it does provide a good introductory overview.
 * The bulk of the articles sources are from the early 2000's, a lot has changed when it comes to technology and privacy and so this article should be updated with more current materials.
 * This article is at a good starting point, but a lot of the sections are very vague and underdeveloped. This article could use more work to flesh out the ideas started.
 * The bulk of the articles sources are from the early 2000's, a lot has changed when it comes to technology and privacy and so this article should be updated with more current materials.
 * This article is at a good starting point, but a lot of the sections are very vague and underdeveloped. This article could use more work to flesh out the ideas started.

Evaluating content

 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * The U.K. example in the education section I thought was too specific for a section that was a general overview. It should move from general to specific.
 * Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
 * The bulk of the articles sources are from the early 2000's, a lot has changed when it comes to technology and privacy and so this article should be updated with more current materials.
 * Can you identify any notable equity gaps? Does the article underrepresent or misrepresent historically marginalized populations?
 * The article does not mention any kind of equity gaps. This could be a useful piece of information to add to the article.

Evaluating Tone

 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * The internet section makes some argumentative claims and suggestions of how to keep information safe online, and this deviates from a simply informational article.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * The locational section only mentions one MIT study and so it is not very generalizable or expansive on this topic.

Evaluating Sources

 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * I found a few links that gave a 404 message. Most of the sources are relevant to the topic.
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
 * The article references several non-academic articles like the New York Times or news sites.
 * Do the sources come from a diverse array of authors and publications?
 * The article primarily draws from non-academic sources. It could include more peer reviewed journals.

Checking the talk page

 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * There is talk about removing opinions, updating broken source links, and whether this should be its own topic or added to another page.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * It has a C Class rating. It is part of WikiProject Computing,  WikiProject Internet,  WikiProject Mass surveillance
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?