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= Art Thinking = Art Thinking is a methodological approach that proposes to apply to entrepreneurship and management a set of principles and artistic practices. Although it was developed independently by different researchers in the United States and in Europe, it is built around common fundamental ideas: the importance of dialogue and sharing, and the need to have a fresh vision of complex problems in order to provide creative and innovative solutions.

From art to the world of business
In order to help companies face the 21st century innovation race, various researchers including Jörg Reckhenrich, Amy Whitaker and Sylvain Bureau have theorized, by observing various practices of artists, a methodology of creation and innovation applicable to entrepreneurship. Starting from the idea that creativity is inherent in art, they sought to conceptualize the approaches used by artists to express their creativity, in order to see what practices could allow any individual, whatever their field, to do the same.

There are, indeed, some similarities between the different Art Thinking systems. All systems agree on the importance of exchange and dialogue, which are the first steps in the development of the new idea. The idea, tough, is an uncertain object; it is likely to be challenged, called into question, rejected or carried out. It can happen at any time and in any situation. Amy Whitaker particularly emphasizes the seeming free nature of this method - it is impossible to know the value and impact of an idea until you actually put it into practice. Instead of starting from a point A towards a certain point B, it is a matter of understanding point A, the starting problem, then of inventing point B. Art Thinking thus, invites to question reality under a new angle while abandoning the certain and the pre-acquired.

From Art Thinking to Creative Leadership
Torn between the world of art and business, Jörg Reckenrich - an artist by training - has worked for more than fifteen years with large companies around the world to help them become more innovative and creative through art. Art Thinking is a process that takes place in three stages: 1) inspiration: the idea occurs at an unexpected moment; 2) intuition: the conviction that this idea is the right one; 3) imagination: the ability to specify the idea and to share it with others.

The idea of ​​sharing and dialogue is at the heart of the method. Jörg Reckhenrich teaches his method by inviting entrepreneurs to discuss around an abstract work of art in order to show them how these exchanges, sometimes in vain at first glance, can be successful and innovative. Dialogue allows you to discover yourself and understand your "creative capacity" - that is, the steps needed to be taken to create and innovate in your own field. Art Thinking also allows companies to develop “creative leadership” which breaks down into 4 phases: mastering a problem in all its complexity, knowing how to share one's idea, implement it, and making it resonate with its audience and its time.

Created in 2013, the Dendropolis Collective, brings together researchers, innovation facilitators and visual artists, who develop for organizations an immersive method in which the stages of artistic creation are analyzed from the perspective of cognitive sciences and then transposed to make them accessible and actionable by the actors involved in any innovation project. Built around Open Innovation methods and on the search for the state of Flow - described by the Hungarian psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi - the method aims to pave the way for other postures of innovation and a redefinition of the role of the entrepreneur, who therefore takes responsibility for making his project a work of art. From the observation of works and collaborative artistic practices, the innovative project is constructed as a meaningful work, thus joining the emergence of companies with a mission, which is here understood in the sense of an aesthetic mission.

Art Thinking as method to create the Improbable with certainty
Art Thinking was conceptualized by Sylvain Bureau, director of the Jean-Baptiste Say Institute of ESCP Europe, as a method for producing the improbable with certainty - the improbable being an unpredictable and implausible situation. This agile method at the crossroads of art and entrepreneurship is taught during the Improbable seminar, an educational format for Art Thinking, imagined in 2009 with the artist Pierre Tectin. The challenge of the seminar is located on two levels: on the one hand, learning a method of creation which makes it possible to create the improbable without being a priori creative, and on the other hand, to conceive a work which makes it possible to question certainties - the status quo.

The method is organized around six practices considered to be structuring for creating in art or entrepreneurship. 1) Give: commit out of desire, without being able to measure the potential gains of one's commitment; 2) Divert: “steal” ideas, objects, symbols ... from a context A to create in a context B; 3) Destroy: deconstruct social norms, certainties and one's own creations; 4) Drift: get lost, do things without a precise and stable goal; 5) Dialogue: exchange to make your creation evolve; 6) Arrange: design an installation.

Art Thinking is now taught all over the world to students and entrepreneurs in cultural institutions such as the Papillon Gallery, the Ecole Pro du Center Pompidou and Le Paris Gallery Weekend.