User:Catetoma/sandbox

Lead
National Parks of Canada are protected natural spaces throughout the country that represent distinct geographical regions of the nation. Under the administration of Parks Canada, a government branch, National Parks allow for public enjoyment without compromising the area for future generations, including the management of wildlife and habitat within the ecosystems of the park. Included in Parks Canada’s administration is a wide range of protected areas, encompassing National Historic Sites, National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCA), and National Park Reserves.

Canada’s first national park, located in Banff, was established in 1885. Tourism and commercialization dominated early park development, followed closely by resource extraction. Commodifying the parks for the profit of Canada’s national economy as well as conserving the natural areas for public and future use became an integrated method of park creation. The process of establishing national parks has included the often forced displacement of indigenous and non-indigenous residents of areas within the proposed park boundaries. The conflicts between the creation of parks and the residents of the area have been negotiated through co-management practices, as Parks Canada acknowledged the importance of community involvement in order to sustain a healthy ecosystem.

A transition towards developing parks as a place of preservation began with the National Parks Act of 1930. This event marked a shift in park management practices. Revised in 1979 under the National Parks Policy, the Act placed greater emphasis on preserving the natural areas in an unimpaired state through ecological integrity and restoration, moving away from development based heavily on profit. Acting as national symbols, Canada's National Parks exist in every province and territory representing a variety of landscapes that mark Canada’s natural heritage. --Wongkat (talk) 22:47, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

I've added some minor changes, but this lead is looking good. What do you guys think about making it live soon?? Also, I think we need to add a sentence at the end just briefly highlighting the fact that Canada's National Parks are major symbols that Canada prides itself on, etc. - since Canada is a country that promotes its 'nature', wilderness, greenery, etc. I think it is needed. --KristinaBlair (talk) 20:57, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

I think it is pretty much ready to go live. Everyone please comment so we know that everyone is happy with the lead. I have completed the sentence that Kristina wanted, please see if it is suitable.--Wongkat (talk) 22:32, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

I agree, this can go live. --Catetoma (talk) 23:08, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

A value of National Parks of Canada has been changing over the past years. National Parks were established for public use and enjoyment. Parks Canada, a federal agency that manages national parks, has developed national parks as “benefit, education and enjoyment” for Canadians (Campell, 2011). National Parks have expanded through economic interests by Canadian Pacific Railway Company and parks administrations (Lothian, 1987). However, the value of national parks has shifted from profit to preservation (Bella, 1987).

This is what Kathryn, Kristina and Kazue have come up with so far. Please post your ideas/continue the lead.

National Parks of Canada are protected natural spaces throughout the country that represent distinct geographical regions of the nation. Under the administration of Parks Canada, a government branch, National Parks allow for public enjoyment while maintaining (an unimpaired state for future generations) (the habitats and wildlife of the diverse ecosystems)

Canada’s first national park, located in Banff, was established in 1885. Tourism and commercialization dominated early park development and expansion of (or, the expansion of park development combined tourism and resource extraction with conservationist ideals).

Included in Parks Canada’s administration is a wide range of protected areas, encompassing National Historic Sites, National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCA), and National Park Reserves. --KristinaBlair (talk) 13:14, 29 March 2012 (UTC)

The process of establishing national parks has included the often forced displacement of indigenous and non-indigenous residents of areas that Parks Canada wanted to place within park boundaries. --Sarah.x.g (talk) 19:50, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

I consolidated the ideas from above a little, here is my edited copy as I don't want to completely erased what had been done before.

National Parks of Canada are protected natural spaces throughout the country that represent distinct geographical regions of the nation. Under the administration of Parks Canada, a government branch, National Parks allow for public enjoyment without compromising the area for future generations, including the management of wildlife and habitat within the ecosystems of the national park. Included in Parks Canada’s administration is a wide range of protected areas, encompassing National Historic Sites, National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCA), and National Park Reserves.

Canada’s first national park, located in Banff, was established in 1885. Tourism and commercialization dominated early park development, followed closely by resource extraction; commodifying the parks for the profit of Canada’s national economy as well as preserving (conserving?) the natural areas for public and future use. --Wongkat (talk) 01:19, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

Shifting values behind park creation and management
A value of National Parks of Canada has been changing over the past years. National Parks were established for public use and enjoyment. Parks Canada, a federal agency that manages national parks, has developed national parks as “benefit, education and enjoyment” for Canadians (Campell, 2011). National Parks have expanded through economic interests by Canadian Pacific Railway Company and parks administrations (Lothian, 1987). However, the value of national parks has shifted from profit to preservation (Bella, 1987).

Ecological integrity
Through the conservation movements, parks Canada palced an emphasis on ecological integrity within the National Parks that marked a shift from profit to preservation.The change in values is derived from the establishment of 1930 National Parks Act that limited use of resource for park management, and in 1979, under revised National Parks Policy, the maintenance of ecological integrity was prioritized for the preservation of national parks of Canada. According to Parks Canada, ecological integrity is defined as a state where three elements exist which are non-living elements, living elements and series of ecological functions, which lead to work ecosystem. In 1988, National Parks Act was amended and the regulation of ecological integrity was embodied. However, the maintenance of ecological integrity has progressed slowly since the implementation of Act of 1988.

The big movement on maintenance of ecological integrity has happened since 2001. Canada National Parks Act of 2001 reinforced the necessity of maintenance and restorations of ecological integrity by saving natural resources and ecosystem. It sets new principles for park management plans. Wilderness areas in the Banff, Jasper, Yoho and Kootenay national parks have been officially designate land as wilderness in national parks. The boundaries of all communities in national parks are changed and the developments of commerce in their communities are restricted. Profit no longer became priority and initiative for preservation through ecological integrity became increased.

As an ecological integrity project, ecosystem restorations are implemented in many parks, attempting to back damaged ecosystems to the original healthy sate and making them sustainable. Grasslands National park brought back Bison bison for a prairie restoration. The bison grazing patterns help to maintain a variety of prairie biodiversity. In Gwaii Haanas National Park, removing Norway rats, which were accidentally brought in the area, is conducted because they eat eggs, some young and even adults’ seabird, and reducing the seabird’s population. Staffs monitor for the return of rats by trapping and poison baits for recovering native seabird populations.

Co-management
Through parks policies and operation practices, Parks Canada has recognized the importance of working together with indigenous peoples and other communities to manage parks’ healthy ecosystem within and around national parks”.

In 1984, Ivvavik national park was established as a result of an Aboriginal land claim agreement. Now, Ivvavik is managed co-operatively by Parks Canada and the Inuvialuit. Their mutual goals are to protect wild life, keep ecosystem healthy and protect their cultural resources. In addition, they ensure that the preservation of Inuvialuit traditional way of living, including trapping,hunting and fishing.

Another example is Torngat Mountains National Park. In 2005, Torngat Moungtains national park was established as a result of the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement. It preserves the aboriginal rights of the Labrador Inuit in Canada which are land,resources and self-government rights. The federal government also signed the Labrador Inuit Park Impacts and Benefits Agreement with Inuit Association. As Ivvavik agreement, it ensures that Inuit can continue to use land and resources as their traditional activities and keep their exclusive relationship with the land and ecosystems. In addition, they agreed to manage the park cooperatively. A seven-member co-operative management board will be established to advise the federal minister of Environment for the matters of parks eco-management.

Parks Canada recognized indigenous knowledge and their unique historical and cultural relationship with the lands, and thus Parks Canada started to cooperate with indigenous people for park management.

Comment
You have a really good introduction to your topic!

I think you need to do a general proofread over your article section as you referred to ecological integrity as economical integrity (minor things like that). Also instead of saying "the value of national parks has been shifted from profit to preservation", you should take out the "been". I believe you do this a couple time in your article else where. Also, Prof Loo mentioned that we should not have very many quotations in our article, so maybe try to paraphrase some areas. I like how you used specific examples to give a better understanding of what ecosystem restoration is, but I feel like you should expand on what is ecological restoration and why it became important. I also feel that the there should be some more explanation on why ecological integrity became important in legislature. You do a good job in bringing up what legislations implemented and enforced ecological integrity, but I feel that the events that lead up to those legislations are missing. What changes in society pushed government to focus on ecological integrity as opposed to parks as sources of profit? I know that Kristina will cover some of those issues in regards to conservation movements, but I think you should try to tie in some of those issue within your section as it will make for a more cohesive article. I also like how you brought up the topic of co management :)  I hope this helps, let me know if you have any questions about my comments --Wongkat (talk) 00:47, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

Thanks for your great feedback! I work on developing what and why about ecological integrity and others u pointed out. --Catetoma (talk) 01:21, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

Hi Toma, I was reviewing our article and just added a "the" and a "with the" to your co-management section as they were missing. I believe it is more grammatically correct to have them there, just letting you know so that if you disagree/want to fix the sentence differently you are aware of my edits and can do so. --Sarah.x.g (talk) 00:02, 8 April 2012 (UTC)