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Opisthoteuthis californiana, also known as the flapjack octopus, is a species of umbrella octopus. '' Geographically they are confined to a small area off the Humboldt Bay in California. ''

DESCRIPTION

The flapjack octopus usually appear dark red. '' The dark red is evenly distributed with slivers of light blue in between. '' Their maximum size is 20 centimeters (7.9 in) mantle length. They have eight jointed legs which are affixed together in an umbrella shape. They have a gelatinous body, which spreads into a parachute shape when maneuvering through dimly lit water. Instead of moving like other octopi, they open and close their umbrellas. They swim by moving their fins, pulsing their webbed arms, pushing water through their funnel for jet propulsion, or all three at once. The flapjack preys on small fishes, planktonic crustaceans, ''micro-plankton or detritus. To detect the prey, they use chemoreceptors. Then to catch the prey, they use mechanoreception.They feed most heavily at night however there is constant feeding throughout the day as well.'' Their depth range is: Para-larvae 200 metres (660 ft), adults 500–1,500 metres (1,600–4,900 ft). '' The males are found in shallower water and the females in the deeper ends. Their optic nervous systems are also weaker compared to other octopods. ''

REPRODUCTION

'' The flapjack octopus continuously reproduces throughout their entire adult life. They also increase in size significantly after onset of sexual maturity in both males and females. ''


 * 1) Roger, V., Angel, G., (1991) Food and Prey Detection in Two Deep-Sea Cephalopods: Opisthoteuthis Agassizii and O. Vossi (OCtopoda: Cirrata). Bulletin of Marine Science -Miami- 49(1-2):288-299. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269103452_Food_and_prey_detection_of_two_deep-sea_cephalopods_Opisthoteuthis_agassizii_and_O_vossi_Octopoda_Cirrata_from_Southeastern_Atlantic
 * 2) Roger, V., (1992) Continuous spawning in the cirrate octopods Ophisthothetis agassizii and O. vossi: features of sexual maturation defining a reproductive strategy in cephalopods. Marine Biology. 114, 265 - 275. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00349529
 * 3) Walter, T.P., (1965). New Records and Observations on the Flapjack Devilfish, Opisthoteuthis californiana Berry!.  PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIX. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/7301/vol19n4-427-441.pdf