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Hai Pai Culture The term Hai Pai (literally “Shanghai style”) was coined by a group of Beijing writers in 1920 to criticize some Shanghai scholars and styles of embracing or admiring western capitalism and western culture( Xu 2009). Hai Pai is “rebellious” while Jing Pai (literally “Beijing style”) is “traditional”. They represent two opposing kinds of Chinese cultures and still have profound influence on modern Chinese society. Hai Pai culture, the root of Shanghai city, came from the 1920s and 1930s. Before colonization (1843), Shanghai culture was mainly influenced and shaped by the ancient kingdoms of Wu and Yue (districts of now Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces). After the issue of Nanjing Treaty in 1843, small enclaves were formed and ruled by foreign settlements. (See Governmental Office of Shanghai Chorography, 2009) In those districts, Shanghai opened to modern urban facilities, science and technology, as well as foreign culture. With the combination and conflict of traditional Chinese and Western culture, the energetic and charming style of Hai Pai Culture emerged during this period. Hai Pai culture is the culture of “Chinese Bourgeoisie”, including Chinese industrialists, capitalist, professionals, intellectuals, students, and revolutionary activists who grew up with traditional Chinese values but also embraced western culture of independence, equality, and capitalism. In modern china, Hai Pai Culture doesn’t cease or lose its attraction. On the contrary, it continues to influence modern Chinese culture. In contemporary terms, Hai Pai Culture is seen as the symbol of opening and inclusive, a special style which boasts for both orientalism and western independent spirit. After 1949, Shanghai remains the culture and art center in the eastern costal area or even in the whole Chinese mainland.

Fashion During the 1920s and 1930s, Qi Pao, also known as Cheong-sam, was the most popular dress for women at that time. Influenced by western aesthetic standard, traditional Chinese Qi Pao was shortened and became more fit, in imitation of the western skirts at that time. (see picture) this “improved Qi Pao” soon became the fashion trend in China. Architecture Music Literature After 1919, Shanghai soon became the base for new literature and various literary schools interwove within concession. Love Birds and Butterfly School, New Sensation School， left wing school emerged during this period. The works of some famous writers, like Ailing Zhang, Xun Lu, Dun Mao(see pictures)，demonstrated their belief in freedom, equality, and democracy as well as the life of “Chinese Bourgeoisie” in concession. After 1980, writers such as Anyi Wang, Han Han, Xin Ye came into prominence and gained popularity in China.

Painting After 1843, the emergence of “Hai School” (literally Shanghai style painting) brought new infuses to Chinese traditional art of painting and calligraphy. The representative painters, including X uGu, Ren Xiong, Wu Changshuo, Ren Bonian, and Zhao Zhiqian, combined traditional Chinese painting skills with western structural method and color establishment. Their bold and unrestrained works, which include flower-bird paintings, landscape paintings, and character paintings, gained great popularity among ordinary people and suit both refined and popular tastes. In 1914, Liu Haisu established a private art school and first introduced Life-modeling into China, which paved way for the free artistic expression in modern China.

at the end of the Qing Dynasty in shanghai. The famous writers of this school include Xiaoqing Chen, Yanqiao Fan, and the later female writer, who mainly focused on romance between men and women., including Shi Hu,, Dun Mao, was also influential at this period. These writers were advocated, and their works revealed the