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Kurloff cells (also known as Foà-Kurloff cells ), found in the blood and organs of guinea pigs and capybara, contain large secretory granules (also known as Kurloff bodies) of unknown function and are considered lymphocytes. Scientists speculate that these cells along with asparaginase may provide cancer resistant properties to these rodents, much like the related NK cells of the naked mole ra t.

Cell
Guinea pig Kurloff cells have killer cell, antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity in vitro. The Kurloff cell can be identified using light microscopy and periodic-acid Schiff staining. The cells are ovoid (10-25 µm diam.). Characteristic of the Kurloff cell is the one oval-shaped intracytoplasmic inclusion (1-11 µm diameter) which resembles a lymphocyte. Kurloff cells are mononuclear. The nucleus of the cell is sickle-shaped and is pushed toward the periphery of the cell by the inclusion body. The inclusion body contains a protein-polysaccharide that is released into the blood stream naturally in pregnant individuals. Kurloff cells have an IgG Fc-receptor.

Location
Guinea-pigs have Kurloff cells in the spleen, but can be found in the blood and thymus when estrogen levels are high. Capybara Kurloff cells have been found in the organs and blood but were highest in pregnant females. Other rodents such as paca, agouti, and cavie have been described with Kurloff-like cell structures.

Quantity
Guinea-pigs experience an increase in their number of Kurloff cells as they age, especially during pregnancy in females. Males and females show increases in the number of Kurloff cells if they have been administered oestrogen supplements.