User:Cball1124/sandbox

===For the Mont Blanc glacier flood article, I specified the area that the flood affected, said exactly how much water was displaced, and gave a more detailed account of the origin of the flood. All was referenced under the [1] footnote.===

The Mont Blanc glacier flood was a damaging flood near Mont Blanc, France, that occurred in 1892. In the disaster, a subterranean glacial lake burst from beneath the Tête Rousse glacier[which?] on the mountain and released 200,000 cubic meters of water[1], flooding the village of Saint-Gervais-Le Fayet[1] and killing 175 people.[2] The lake did not overflow because of too much accumulated water, but because there water-filled crevasse that shrank when the change to a positive mass balance of the entire glacier occurred beginning in 1878[1].

References[edit source | edit]

 * 1) ^ Jump up to:a b c Vincent, C. (2010). "Origin of the Outburst flood from the Glacier de Tete Rousse in 1892" (PDF). Journal of Glaciology.
 * 2) Jump up^ *France drains lake under Mont Blanc glacier, BBC News, 25 August 2010.

=== For the San Miguel volcano article, I added information about seismic activity for the 2013 eruption and, and described another earlier eruption of that volcano. The seismic activity was found under the original author's [3] footnote, and the new information is referenced under the [1] footnote. === San Miguel (also known as Volcán Chaparrastique) is a stratovolcano in central-eastern El Salvador, approximately 15 km southwest of the city of San Miguel. On January 16, 2002, a minor eruption of steam, gas, and ash occurred from the summit crater[1], lasting 3 hours but causing no real damage to life or property. Carbon dioxide emissions had been monitored since November 2001, and their steady increase continued to build up until the eruption.[1]

Eleven years later[2], on December 29, 2013, San Miguel erupted at 10:30 local time spewing ash and smoke into the sky, and prompted the evacuation of thousands of people living in a 3 km radius around the volcano.[3] It was preceded by increased seismic activity beginning at 06:30 local time. [3]

References[edit source | edit]

 * 1) ^ Jump up to:a b
 * 2) Jump up^
 * 3) ^ Jump up to:a b San Miguel volcano (El Salvador): new eruption. Volcano Discovery. Retrieved 30 December 2013.

=== For the Wuqia earthquake article, I first fixed the original author's references to proper citing format. I added a listing of the damage to life and property from the earthquake, then added information about the deformation zone that resulted from it as well. ===

The 1985 Wuqia earthquake occurred on August 23, 1985 at 20:41 local time (12:41 UTC) near the border of Wuqia (乌恰) (also Ulugqat or Uluqat) County and Shufu (疏附) County, Xinjiang, China. It had a magnitude of Ms 7.4 and caused 71 deaths, 162 injuries, and left 15,000 homeless, as well as destroying 85% of buildings and highways.[1] The source of this earthquake is the Kazkeaerte Fault (卡兹克阿尔特断裂). The earthquake could be felt throughout much of the Fergana Basin, USSR, as well as inPakistan.[2][1]

The slipping of the earth during this earthquake caused a deformation zone along the Kezilesu River valley stretching 15 kilometers long and 800 meters wide. The zone is made up of smaller faults, fissures, and pressure ridges.[3]

References[edit source | edit]

 * 1) ^ Jump up to:a b "Significant Earthquakes of the World." Earthquake Hazards Program. United States Geological Survey
 * 2) Jump up^ Wang, Xiaorong. "1985 Xinjiang Autonomous Region Wuqia Earthquake."National Earthquake Science. China Earthquakes Network Center, n.d. Web
 * 3) Jump up^ Feng, Xian-yue (2008). "Deformation Zone of the Wuqia Earthquake in 1985". Seismology and Geology.

=== For the Lonquimay volcano article, I fixed the original author's references to proper citing format and explained VEI where he\she had not. I expanded on the eruption mentioned, including science on the lava flow and the damages to life and property. === Lonquimay Volcano is a stratovolcano of late-Pleistocene to dominantly Holocene age, with the shape of a truncated cone. The cone is largely andesitic, though basaltic and dacitic rocks are present.[1] It is located in the La Araucanía Region of Chile, immediately SE of Tolhuaca volcano. Sierra Nevada and Llaima are their neighbors to the south. The snow-capped volcano lies within the protected area Malalcahuello-Nalcas.

The volcano's last eruption began on December 25, 1988, earning it the nickname "Navidad".[2] The eruption lasted for 13 months before ending in 1990. The Volcanic Explositivy Index was 3, indicating tropospheric injections and catastrophic damage. The eruption was from a flank vent and involved mostly andesite lava, and had been preceded by increased seismicity for three weeks.[3] The volume of the lava flow decreased as time went on and the vent dimensions decreased, though by the end of the eruption the andesite had still built up to a length of 10.2 km. [3]

There was only a single fatality for the duration of the eruption, but it caused the evacuation of over 2000 people and caused extensive damage to farming and livestock in the surrounding region.[4][2]

References[edit source | edit]

 * 1) Jump up^ "Lonquimay." Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
 * 2) ^ Jump up to:a b
 * 3) ^ Jump up to:a b
 * 4) Jump up^ Naranjo, Jose. "Lonquimay." Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History
 * 1) Jump up^ Naranjo, Jose. "Lonquimay." Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History