User:Cbrown85/sandbox

Reading and writing foundational skills for elementary level EL students.

 * Phonemic Awareness: The ability to identify and manipulate phonemes in spoken words. Some phonemes may not be present in an ELL's home language and may be too difficult to say and put into context. Instructors can teach phonemic awareness while teaching vocabulary words, what they mean, and how to say them.
 * Phonics: Helps to understand the relationship between written letters and spoken sounds. Learning phonics matters because reading is dependent on letters and patterns represent spoken language.
 * Vocabulary: Understanding words that relate to a reading passage. This is a key step in comprehension. The more the student knows the better they understand what they're reading.
 * Fluency: The ability to read accurately and quickly. This provides a connection between recognition and comprehension.
 * Comprehension: Students should understand the meaning of what they read. This is important for students to draw conclusions about what they have read.

Reading and writing instructional strategies for elementary level EL students.

 * 1) Phonemic Awareness
 * Model production of sounds
 * Help learners identify sounds (use A-A-ant chart)


 * 1) Phonics
 * Teach in context by reinforcing blends and beginning and end sounds.
 * Use hands-on activities to teach letter and sound relationships.
 * Let students write out sounds.
 * Assist students with the connection between home language and English.


 * 1) Vocabulary
 * Pre-teach vocabulary using graphic organizers, pointing to pictures, offer student-friendly definitions.
 * Focus on cognates.
 * Give the chance to use new words.


 * 1) Fluency
 * Balance fluency and comprehension.
 * Provide opportunities to practice reading out loud.
 * Let students read along with books on tape.


 * 1) Comprehension
 * Some strategies to help build comprehension include building background knowledge.
 * Teachers need to check comprehension frequently. This can be done by informally testing their abilities.
 * Ask questions after reading. Teachers can ask literal level, interpretive level, or applied level questions.

Reading and writing technology tools and resources appropriate for elementary EL students at different proficiency levels.
Select appropriate tools to support the needs of the student while considering abilities and student goals.
 * Word processing software
 * Text-to-Speech or vice versa (Co-Writer is an app that reads the text back to the student).
 * Starfall for literacy
 * ABCya uses literacy games at different grade levels

Grouping techniques and cooperative learning strategies conducive to elementary grade levels.

 * 1) Grouping Techniques
 * Language proficiency
 * Language background
 * Grade level placement


 * 1) Cooperative Learning Strategies
 * Round Robin Games
 * Jigsaw
 * Tea Party method

Listening and Speaking Skills for EL Students

 * Likely to emerge earlier than competence in reading and writing.
 * Does not need to be fully proficient in oral English before they start to read and write.

Grammar and Vocabulary Development Strategies for Elementary Level EL Students

 * Use morphology to develop vocabulary skills.
 * Phonology can be used for understanding speech sounds and their link to the written word.
 * Use cognates to teach English vocabulary.

Strategies for Comprehensible Input, Feedback, Building Background, and Student Engagement

 * 1) Comprehensible Input
 * Vocabulary Cards and Flip Books
 * Homographs, Homophones, and Synonyms
 * Idiom Match-Up
 * Taped Text for Scaffolding


 * 1) Building Background
 * KWL Chart
 * Pretest with a Partner
 * Student Journals
 * Personal Dictionaries
 * Signal Words

Grammar and Vocabulary Technology Tools and Resources Appropriate for Elementary EL Students at Different Proficiency Levels

 * Starfall: Free resources suited to the individual development of pre-reading skills, teaching reading, and redefining reading skills.
 * ESL Interactive Grammar Games: Addresses skills such as English vocabulary, spelling, and verb tenses.
 * Online Picture Dictionary