User:Ccatarinadf

= Brazilian Sacbrood Virus =

Description:
Brazilian Sacbrood Virus (BSV) also known as Barbatimão sickness or autumn sickness is a disease that affects larvae of honey bees and occurs only in Brazil. The disease was discovered in the 1990s. At first it was confused with the bagged offspring caused by the action of the SBV virus for having the same symptoms. The name even creates Brazilian bagged is called that way together for presenting this similarity. However, samples from sick hives did not have the virus, instead toxins found in pollen were found. The researchers then found that when nursing bees fed their offspring with toxic pollen, developmental disruption and death occurred before the bees reached the pupal stage.

The main plants that produce pollen toxic to the bees responsible for the symptoms of the Bagged Hatch are Stryphnodendron adstringens, Stryphnodendron poplyphyllum popularly known as barbatimão and Dimorphandra mollis known as false barbatimão    .They are native trees of the cerrado biome present in several Brazilian states. They usually bloom from September to December [7,9]. Justamente quando os sintomas da doença começam a surgir. Just when the symptoms of the disease start to appear. That is why the disease is also called barbatimão sickness and autumn sickness.

In some cases, it can cause 100% offspring mortality, even destroying a strong colony in less than two months [8]. Most of the reports are for Apis mellifera hives, but studies on the toxicity of the plant to stingless bees, have already been made, and the effects on solitary bees are still unknown.

Symptoms:

 * Faulty combs and opercules usually perforated or removed;.
 * The larvae fail to pupate and remain stretched on their backs,with their heads towards the cell capping.
 * Fluid then accumulates between the body of the diseased larva and its unshed skin.
 * Death occurs in the pre-pupal stage.
 * Has no putrid smell.
 * The body color of the larvachanges from pearly white to a pale yellow. After it has died, it becomes dark brown or grey over a few days. The head and thoracic regions darken first.
 * When the sick larvae is removed from the alveolus with the aid of forceps, it has the shape of a bag, with the accumulated liquid remaining at the bottom.

Prevention and treatment:

 * The indicated treatment is the supply of artificial food based on a protein mixture to replace the pollen. Food must be provided 30 days before Barbatimão flowering, which usually occurs during the dry season..
 * It’s also recommended to avoid the installation of apiaries in places of incidence in Barbatimão. Remembering this tree should not be cut because it’s an environmental crime.