User:Ccolan1/Discrimination based on skin color

Colorism is defined as "prejudice or discrimination against individuals with a dark skin tone, typically among people of the same ethnic or racial group," according to the Oxford Languages definition. Discrimination against minority ethnic groups is so frequent among ethnic groupings that it has become normative. According to studies, colorism has a substantial impact on attitudes about assimilation and self perception among U.S. Latinos/as. People with darker skin tones are viewed differently in Latino/a society as a result of this. There have been changes in this dynamic over the years. Instead of being praised as they once were, "White Passing" Latinos/as are now subjected to the same discrimination based on the belief that they are receiving special treatment.

= Colorism in Latinx Culture = Colorism is defined as a preference for fair skin tones and a devaluation of dark skin tones. Coconut is a slang term for a Latina(o) population. The devaluation of dark skin is a vehicle of coconut colorism when it comes to media portrayals, medical state, objective analysis, and judicial evidence. Colorism is heavily influenced by racial stratification. Citizens with lighter skin color are often considered as the norm in many countries, while darker skinned people are often hidden or seen as marginalized groups. The normative cultural standard in the United States is White, middle-class, Anglo-Saxon, and Protestant (Alba and Nee 1997).

Since their dark skin holds societal consequences for Euro-American audiences, both Latino guys and ladies rarely appear transformed and/or real. They have always been portrayed as either "bandits" or "putas." The power of color-based stereotypes has helped to maintain colorism in the Latino community, as colorism is used to denigrate dark skin. Light skin has no essential dimension that dark skin does not have when it comes to skin function. There is no inherent excellence that distinguishes light skin from dark skin. However, whether Latinos are dark-skinned or light-skinned, their assimilation experiences are significantly different (Marden & Meyer, 1973).

Ethnical Disadvantages
Immigrants' integration into American society can take numerous forms, according to research. Some immigrants show upward integration trends, while others show downward assimilation patterns. Educational success, vocational attainment, and linguistic tendencies, to cite a few, are all indicators of this. Immigrants with darker skin color face a significant pay penalty that is not explained by a variety of individual and occupational variables. (New Immigrant Survey 2003). Four years later, the same immigrants were interviewed again. With more time to adjust to the American job market, the disadvantage of darker skin color may have faded or vanished entirely. According to the current data, the penalty for darker color grew from a 16 percent lightest-to-darkest gap to a 25 percent disparity across this time span.

Disadvantages based on ethnicity and skin color still exist in the United States, and they are exacerbated by interconnected oppression systems. As a result of immigration, people are categorized and placed into a racial hierarchy, which helps to define the types of issues they will have (Ajrouch and Jamal 2007).

Among both Latin America and the United States, discrimination of Latinos/as of African heritage by fellow Latinos/as has increased over time (Darity et al. 2005; Lavarieta Monforti 2010). Whiteness takes on a higher position in Latin American countries with large populations of African heritage (Darity et al. 2005; Cruz-Jansen 2007).

Those who were colonized began to see themselves through the eyes of the oppressor, whose viewpoints became accepted. "As evident, or suspected, persons of black descent, Latinos frequently have internalized racism against themselves, which they may externalize towards Latinegros." (Cruz-Jansen 2007)

Research suggest that immigrants earn less than their local counterparts when they first arrive, but that the pay gap narrows with time in the host nation, albeit it is not always abolished. (Borjas, 2015; Hersch & Shinall, 2018; Lubotsky, 2007). A comparison of the penalty for darker skin color across different regressions reveals the mechanism by which skin color influences wages. Employers in the United States cannot change characteristics that were established before the individual entered the labor market in the United States. However, any existing skin color discrimination in the United States may have an impact on present labor market characteristics.

Unobserved productivity traits are unlikely to be the cause of the salary disparity for those with darker skin, leaving employment discrimination as the most plausible explanation. Immigrants do adapt into the American economy, but these findings suggest that those with darker skin will have a more challenging time.

Assimilation
The term "assimilation" was coined at the turn of the twentieth century to describe the process through which immigrants are integrated into the host society. The core assumptions of assimilation theory are that all immigrants will eventually assimilate and that their generational status is the key factor that determines their level of assimilation. Assimilation equals Americanization, according to Gordon (1964), and Americanization involves assimilating into the Anglo-Saxon core. Recent researchers, such as Alba and Nee (1997), argue that assimilation can take many different forms.