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The Yellow Turban Army, also known as the Yellow Turban Bandits (After the publishing of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms), is a peasant army led by the late Eastern Han Dynasty peasant leader Zhang Jue from Julu Commandery, which openly rebelled against the central government in 184, the year of the Jiazi in the Sexagenary cycle. The Yellow Turban Rebellion became one of the biggest rebellions in Chinese history, but because it was quelled within a year by the Eastern Han government, Chinese historiography has always placed it as the progenitor of the Three Kingdoms Era.

Yellow Turban Army
The Yellow Turban Army comprised of commoners, rabble and other people of opportunity. Zhang Jue and his brothers Zhang Bao and Zhang Liang treated many of them, and thus were very popular. When Zhang Jue saw that followers of the Way of the Taiping grew more numerous by the day, he openly revolted in the large-scale Yellow Turban Rebellion. The scale of the Rebellion involved almost a million people, Zhang Jue passed away during the rebellion, with his brothers falling in battle. The Rebellion was put down within the year, but laid the foundations of the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Impact
The Rebellion may have been put down within the year, but it laid the foundations of the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The central government handed local officials immense authority with regards to the recruitment of soldiers, which resulted in the warlordism of the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms Era, undeniably a fatal blow to the Eastern Han. The Rebellion accelerated the demise of the Eastern Han, and even after the defeat of the rebellion, small scale conflicts continued under the Yellow Turban banner along the Yellow River. This is also why the Yellow Turban Rebellion is often documented in Chinese historiography as the beginning of the Three Kingdoms Era.

Leaders

 * Zhang Jue，head of the Yellow Turban Army, passed away from illness during the Rebellion. Declared himself the "Great Teacher" (大賢良師), and "General of Heaven" (天公將軍).
 * Zhang Bao，Zhang Jue's second youngest brother，died from a hail of arrows during battles between Eastern Han soldiers from Qing Province and Xu Province, with the army he led dissolving thereafter. Declared himself "General of Land" (地公將軍).
 * Zhang Liang，Zhang Jue's youngest brother，a leading general of the Yellow Turban Army. Declared himself "General of the People" (人公將軍).

Notable Individuals

 * Ma Yuanyi (馬元義)，黃巾之亂前數日，馬元義擁賊數萬與中常侍密謀作亂於鄴，事涉被車裂於洛陽.
 * Zhang Mancheng (張曼成)，南陽張曼成起兵數萬，殺郡守褚貢，兩個月後被南陽太守秦頡斬殺.
 * Zhao Hong (趙弘)，張曼成被殺，以趙弘為帥，據宛城，朱儁突擊斬殺趙弘.
 * Han Zhong (韓忠)，趙弘被殺後，韓忠為帥復據宛拒朱儁. 被朱儁追擊，韓忠等遂降. 被秦頡怒殺.
 * Sun Xia (孫夏)，韓忠被殺後，孫夏為帥朱儁拔宛城，斬黃巾別帥孫夏. 遂解散.
 * Bo Cai (波才)，朱儁為黃巾波才所敗. 一個月後皇甫嵩、朱儁復聯軍大破波才.
 * Peng Tuo (彭脫)，皇甫嵩、朱儁追擊彭脫於西華，並破之.
 * Luo Ji (卜己)，皇甫嵩、朱儁又進擊東郡黃巾卜己於倉亭，生擒卜己，斬首七千餘級.

北海黃巾

 * Zhang Rao (張饒)，張饒等羣輩二十萬眾從冀州還，孔融逆擊，為張饒所敗.
 * Guan Hai (管亥)，管亥圍困孔融. 孔融遣東萊太史慈求救於平原相劉備.

白波賊

 * Guo Tai(郭泰)，黃巾餘賊郭泰起於西河白波谷，轉寇太原，遂破河東，百姓流轉三輔，號為「白波賊」，眾十餘萬. 董卓遣中郎將牛輔擊之，不能却.
 * Yang Feng(楊奉)，李傕將楊奉本白波賊帥.
 * Han Xian(韓暹)，獻帝自長安東歸，右賢王去卑與白波賊帥韓暹等侍衞天子.
 * Hu Cai(胡才)，楊奉、董承引白波帥胡才、李樂、韓暹及匈奴左賢王去卑.
 * Li Yue(李樂)，楊奉、董承引白波帥胡才、李樂、韓暹及匈奴左賢王去卑.

自稱黃巾人物

 * Ma Xiang(馬相)，益州黃巾馬相先殺綿竹令李升，再殺刺史郗儉，自稱天子，又寇巴郡，殺郡守趙部，被益州從事賈龍击败.
 * Zhao Di(趙祗)，馬相的同党

参考文献

 * 張傳璽 主編：《簡明中國古代史》. 北京：北京大學出版社，1994年.
 * 傅樂成：《中國通史》. 台北：大中國圖書公司，1982年.

参见

 * 黃巾之亂
 * 太平道
 * 青州兵

 Category:中國古代部隊