User:Cdunca12/sandbox

This is just a test page for practicing on how to create a sandbox in Wikipedia for the creation of future user pages for real articles. - Cisilya

This is practice for making italicized text.

This is practice for making bold text.


 * Bulleted list itemThis is my first bullet point.

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace suggested that various forms of life are not constant but continually give rise to slightly different animals and plants, some of which adapt to survive and multiple more effectively.

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace suggested that various forms of life are not constant but continually give rise to slightly different animals and plants, some of which adapt to survive and multiple more effectively.

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace suggested that various forms of life are not constant but continually give rise to slightly different animals and plants, some of which adapt to survive and multiple more effectively.

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace suggested that various forms of life are not constant but continually give rise to slightly different animals and plants, some of which adapt to survive and multiple more effectively.

Unit 3 - Five Pillars of Wikipedia
Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia first launched in 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Wiki originated from the Hawaiian word meaning quick as its main purpose is to provide an easy and convenient reference to all. Wikipedia is just a source of educational information, not meant for political, social, or advertising purposes.

All the content in Wikipedia are derived from facts obtained from original sources, such as books, other encyclopedias, textbooks, and peer-reviewed journal articles. It is not based on opinion, personal feelings, or bias.

Wikipedia is designed so everyone can contribute and edit information to make sure the information is diverse, complete, and accurate.

People who wish to edit can collaborate with others on user talk pages in a meaningful and respectful way.

Wikipedia is loosely regulated and is subject to incorrect information and bias. Everyone participating should respect the rules during contribution and editing to make sure the information is useful for everyone to use.

Unit 4 - Summary of Characteristics of Target Article
There are many important and critical parameters to keep in mind while writing a Wikipedia article to ensure it becomes a high quality article that is notable, is of interest to a wider audience, and is composed from reliable sources. Here are some of these parameters:


 * Subject Matter - The chosen topic should be something important, compelling, factual, and educational. A combination of background information, which can serve as an introduction, as well as specific technical or scientific data that goes into more depth on the details of the specific topic are important aspects to base research and references on.  As there are an endless number of new Wikipedia articles that are created on a daily basis, the topic should be something that is notable, or something that everyone can find useful and necessary; providing a quality and reliable resource to continually refer to.  None of the information should contain any personal information, experiences, or work.


 * Referencing Sources - While research is being done on different types of references, it is important to use multiple authors and as many different types of references as possible. This method creates a more well-rounded and in-depth understanding of the subject matter, making it smoother to compose the article in an organized and factual manner.  Having read many sources also helps the author to compose the article in a very original way, avoiding poor paraphrasing and potential plagiarism when the sources are fewer or obtained from just one author.  Including many links for key words directly related to the topic throughout the article helps the reader learn background or lateral information very quickly.  It also helps to include links to free scientific databases containing peer-reviewed journals.  Every piece of information has to be cited appropriately; this includes quoting exact wording.


 * Neutral Viewpoint - Performing research on many different types of sources provides various viewpoints on the topic, which can be included strictly based on the way they were represented in the original source. These could be based on scientific data generated by various researchers who performed similar studies investigating different aspects of the subject matter and therefore provided certain conclusions.  Although the author may have a similar expertise, that expertise can only be used to comprehend and intellectually interpret the research more accurately, without including his or her own bias.


 * Collaborating with Editors - The process of editing the article involves collaborating with other users or editors. The author should keep an open mind and be open to corrections and constructive criticism on content, grammar, referencing to ensure a high quality article that will remain notable.  These discussions can take place on user talk pages.

Cdunca12 18:38, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Article Grade Level - In addition to following the above parameters, when an article is being created, it should follow a grading level to make sure it will fall under specific criteria for a high quality article. For example, an article can be a B-level article, which covers the subject matter in a relatively thorough way but does not include a higher level of technical details for more advanced readers.  It is also relatively error free.  It cites a few quality references but can cite additional ones to cover broader information on the topic.  It contains a general outline with sectn headings.  A GA-level article is one level higher than a B-level  article.  It is very clearly and concisely written with perfect spelling and grammar.  It follows the Wikipedia "Manual of Style" formatting.  It has excellent, verifiable references and very thoroughly covers the topic while staying focused and not adding extraneous information.  Information included follows copyright laws and has appropriate referencing.  It remains neutral and gives due weight to the various viewpoints of the references.  The article remains stable in content as it goes through the editing process.  It also provides excellent media, such as images, video clips with appropriate captions where necessary.

Unit 5 - Practice Inline Citations
Double strand breaks (DSB) are the most sensitive types of DNA damage that can occur in the genome. DSB's can serve as the first intiation step in recombination and are introduced by specialized enzymes. However, when they occur as a result of oxidative damage, they need to be repaired efficiently to prevent permanent loss of their sequence or the addition of new mutations at the site of damage. One method to repair DSB's is through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) in which a series of enzymes are recruited at the DSB to repair it. Specifically, in the first step, Ku70 and Ku80 proteins bind to the ends of the DSB and finds very short stretches of sequence homology. These proteins then bind to the catalytic subunits of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), which form a holoenzyme around the ends at the DSB, and can in turn recruit Artermis proteins at each subunit. Artemis has an intrinsic exonuclease activity which is used to chew back on the ssDNA tails created as a result of annealing of the short stretches of DNA previously, to create blunt ends. Once the ssDNA tails have been processed, Ku70 ad Ku80 sequesters proteins XRCC4, DNA ligase IV, and Cernunnos-XLF to form a complex to ligate the two broken ends together by creating phosphodiester bonds. Cdunca12 08:08, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

Once the ssDNA tails have been processed, Ku70 ad Ku80 sequesters proteins XRCC4, DNA ligase IV, and Cernunnos-XLF to form a complex to ligate the two broken ends together by creating phosphodiester bonds. Once the ssDNA tails have been processed, Ku70 ad Ku80 sequesters proteins XRCC4, DNA ligase IV, and Cernunnos-XLF to form a complex to ligate the two broken ends together by creating phosphodiester bonds. Cdunca12 03:44, 4 April 2013 (UTC)