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Background
Carlos Peña Romulo, was born on January 14, 1898, and died on December 15, 1985. He was born in Camiling, Tarlac and studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education. Romulo entered the University of the Philippines after his early schooling in Tarlac, where he earned a bachelor's degree in 1918. After getting a master of arts from Columbia University in 1921, he returned to work as professor of English and chairman of the English department of the University of the Philippines (1923-1928). He became a Philippine general, diplomat, and journalist known for his activities on behalf of the Allies during World War II and his later work with the United Nations. He was the only Filipino journalist to win the Pulitzer Prize and the first Asian to serve as president of the UN General Assembly (1949). He also gained prominence as America's most trusted Asian spokesman. He also wrote the I Saw the Fall of the Philippines (1942), Mother America (1943), My Brother Americans (1945), I See the Philippines Rise (1946), Crusade in Asia (1955), The Magsaysay Story (1956), I Walk with Heroes (1961), and Identity and Change (1965).

I am a Filipino by Carlos P. Romulo
''I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain future. As such I must prove equal to a two-fold task–the task of meeting my responsibility to the past, and the task of performing my obligation to the future.''

''I sprung from a hardy race, child many generations removed of ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries the memory comes rushing back to me: of brown-skinned men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout. Over the sea I see them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling wind, carried upon the mighty swell of hope–hope in the free abundance of new land that was to be their home and their children’s forever.''

''This is the land they sought and found. Every inch of shore that their eyes first set upon, every hill and mountain that beckoned to them with a green-and-purple invitation, every mile of rolling plain that their view encompassed, every river and lake that promised a plentiful living and the fruitfulness of commerce, is a hallowed spot to me.''

''By the strength of their hearts and hands, by every right of law, human and divine, this land and all the appurtenances thereof–the black and fertile soil, the seas and lakes and rivers teeming with fish, the forests with their inexhaustible wealth in wild life and timber, the mountains with their bowels swollen with minerals–the whole of this rich and happy land has been, for centuries without number, the land of my fathers. This land I received in trust from them and in trust will pass it to my children, and so on until the world is no more.''

''I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes–seed that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance. In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that sent Lapulapu to battle against the first invader of this land, that nerved Lakandula in the combat against the alien foe, that drove Diego Silang and Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor.''

''That seed is immortal. It is the self-same seed that flowered in the heart of Jose Rizal that morning in Bagumbayan when a volley of shots put an end to all that was mortal of him and made his spirit deathless forever, the same that flowered in the hearts of Bonifacio in Balintawak, of Gergorio del Pilar at Tirad Pass, of Antonio Luna at Calumpit; that bloomed in flowers of frustration in the sad heart of Emilio Aguinaldo at Palanan, and yet burst fourth royally again in the proud heart of Manuel L. Quezon when he stood at last on the threshold of ancient Malacañan Palace, in the symbolic act of possession and racial vindication.''

''The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my manhood, the symbol of dignity as a human being. Like the seeds that were once buried in the tomb of Tutankhamen many thousand years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the insignia of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.''

''I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance, was my mother, and my sire was the West that came thundering across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of the East, an eager participant in its spirit, and in its struggles for liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I also know that the East must awake from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has bound his limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.''

''For I, too, am of the West, and the vigorous peoples of the West have destroyed forever the peace and quiet that once were ours. I can no longer live, a being apart from those whose world now trembles to the roar of bomb and cannon-shot. I cannot say of a matter of universal life-and-death, of freedom and slavery for all mankind, that it concerns me not. For no man and no nation is an island, but a part of the main, there is no longer any East and West–only individuals and nations making those momentous choices which are the hinges upon which history resolves.''

''At the vanguard of progress in this part of the world I stand–a forlorn figure in the eyes of some, but not one defeated and lost. For, through the thick, interlacing branches of habit and custom above me, I have seen the light of the sun, and I know that it is good. I have seen the light of justice and equality and freedom, my heart has been lifted by the vision of democracy, and I shall not rest until my land and my people shall have been blessed by these, beyond the power of any man or nation to subvert or destroy.''

''I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall I give that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I shall give the pledge that has come ringing down the corridors of the centuries, and it shall be compounded of the joyous cries of my Malayan forebears when first they saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes, of the battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat from Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they sing: Land of the morning,''

Child of the sun returning–

* * * *

Ne’er shall invaders

Trample thy sacred shore. ''Out of the lush green of these seven thousand isles, out of the heartstrings of sixteen million people all vibrating to one song, I shall weave the mighty fabric of my pledge. Out of the songs of the farmers at sunrise when they go to labor in the fields, out of the sweat of the hard-bitten pioneers in Mal-lig and Koronadal, out of the silent endurance of stevedores at the piers and the ominous grumbling of peasants in Pampanga, out of the first cries of babies newly born and the lullabies that mothers sing, out of the crashing of gears and the whine of turbines in the factories, out of the crunch of plough-shares upturning the earth, out of the limitless patience of teachers in the classrooms and doctors in the clinics, out of the tramp of soldiers marching, I shall make the pattern of my pledge:''

“I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom shall have been added unto my inheritance—for myself and my children and my children’s children—forever.”

Arrival of Malay People in the Philippines
It is known that around 3000 B.C. The Malayan people — or people who have developed into the Malayan tribes that rule Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines — have arrived in the Philippines. Approximately 2300 years ago, Malays from the Asian mainland or Indonesia arrived in the Philippines and brought a more advanced culture; iron melting and the development of iron tools, pottery techniques and sawah (rice field) systems. Additional migrations have taken place over the next several centuries.

The theory of Tabon Man's origins is based on distinct migration waves, it holds that the Malays have arrived in at least three ethnically diverse waves. The first wave established the base for the modern-day Bontoc and the other tribes of North Luzon. The second laid the groundwork for the most influential of modern-day indigenous groups-Bicolano, Bisayan and Tagalog. The third wave is thought to have formed a ferociously proud Muslim Malay.

Over time, social and political institutions have grown and evolved in the widely distributed islands. The basic unit of settlement was the barangay. The Kinship classes were headed by the Datu (chief) and within the barangay there were wide social divisions made up of nobles, freemen, dependent and landless agricultural workers and slaves.

Chinese Links to First Wave of Settlers to the Philippines
The ancestors of modern Southeast Asian people came from Tibet and China around 2,500 years ago, displacing the aboriginal groups that first inhabited the land. They subsisted on rice and yams that might have been imported to Africa. In the Philippines, Austronesian-speaking people possibly started to arrive about 3000 B.C., most likely from Taiwan. They came in successive waves after that. Early people are thought to have migrated from southern China to Taiwan and Luzon, preceded by the Cagayan River Valley.

Spanish colonization
The Spaniards began exploring the Philippines at the beginning of the 16th century, when Ferdinand Magellan led a Spanish expedition to the Spice Islands and reached Cebu in 1521. Magellan made a blood compact with the local chief of Cebu, Rajah Humabon, as a token of friendship. After Humabon had converted to Catholicism and had been baptized as Carlos, he asked Magellan to subjugate his rival, Lapu-Lapu, the leader of the nearby island of Mactan. In the resulting Battle of Mactan, Magellan and other Spanish soldiers lost their lives, outnumbered by the tribesmen of Mactan.

American colonization
On May 1, 1898, the Battle of Manila Bay in the Philippines profoundly changed the direction of American history and America's relationship with Southeast Asia. In the months that followed, Spanish empire dissolved in the Philippines and was replaced by American sovereignty. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris in December 1898 and, after a bitter debate, just one vote in the US Senate on 6 February 1899, the US officially took control of Spain from the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam. In view of the declaration of independence from more than three hundred years of Spanish colonial rule on 12 June 1898 and the creation of a republic with Emilio Aguinaldo as president on 23 January 1899, many Filipinos opposed the new US presence. Tension between local residents and Americans eventually led to armed conflict. From February 1899 to July 4, 1902, when the US declared itself the victor, the Philippine-American conflict saw American soldiers and Filipino nationalists  fight for control.

Japanese colonization
Japan launched an assault on the Philippines on 8 December 1941, just ten hours after its attack on Pearl Harbor. Initial aerial bombing followed by landings of ground troops both north and south of Manila. The defense troops of the Philippines and the United States were under the command of General Douglas MacArthur, who had previously been recalled to active duty in the United States Army. When General MacArthur returned to the Philippines with his army at the end of 1944, he was well-supplied with information; it is said that by the time MacArthur returned, he knew what every Japanese lieutenant ate for breakfast and where he had his haircut. But it wasn't easy to return. The Japanese Imperial General Staff agreed to make the Philippines their last line of defense and to avoid the American advance toward Japan.

Fighting continued until the official surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945. The Philippines had experienced a great loss of life and immense physical damage by the time the war had ended. An estimated 527,000 Filipinos, both military and civilian, were killed on all counts; of these, between 131,000 and 164,000 were killed in seventy-two war crimes. The population of the Philippines has gradually declined over the next five years due to the spread of diseases and lack of basic needs, far from the Filipino lifestyle prior to the war, when the nation was the second richest in Asia after Japan.

CULTURAL
Philippines is a society where the East crosses the West. The Filipino people, with a clear Western heritage, have a distinct Asian history. Through the influence of Chinese, Spanish, and American rulers, modern Filipino culture evolved. Filipino people, particularly Western tourists, seem to be very hospitable. Filipinos are sentimental and enthusiastic about life in a way that appears more Latin than Asian, because of their close links to Spanish culture.

The family is the most significant and central part of Filipino society. It is illegal to divorce and annulments are unusual. During tough economic times, the family is the safety net for individuals, especially older individuals. Children will always remain into adulthood with their parents, only leaving as they get married. Family connections are also affected by political and commercial ties.

More than 80 percent of the Philippines' population is Roman Catholic. Fiestas are very popular in celebration of the patron saint of a region. The Catholic Church’s criticism is not taken lightly and it should be discouraged.

Chinese Culture
China had been dealing with Filipinos even before the Spaniards came to the Philippines. It's no surprise why we Filipinos have inherited some of the behaviors we have developed into our own Filipino culture. As we see there is a long enduring relationship between China and the Philippines. Only look at the more than 400-year-old Binondo, the world's oldest Chinatown, located in the Philippines. Inter-ethnic links, territorial tensions, naval conflicts, security and international policy, trade and economic alliances have been shared across their longstanding historical connections.

Spanish Culture
Almost all of the traditions of the Philippines, including the ways of thought of the Filipinos, are sources of Spanish cultures. The Spaniards made the Philippines a part of Western civilization. In fact, the Spaniards brought to the Filipinos their own philosophy of life as well as their habits, vocabulary, clothes, entertainment practices, including sports, religion, arts, and even cooking. (Catholicism, Surname and change of native names, Spanish language influence, Culture of fiesta)

There was then a fusion of [https://travelauthenticphilippines.com/indigenous-culture-and-people-tours/#:~:text=The%20Indigenous%20Culture%20of%20Philippines&text=Ethnic%20groups%20include%20the%20Cebuano,who%20are%20also%20called%20Ilonggo.&text=The%20oldest%20inhabitants%20of%20the%20Philippines%20are%20the%20Negrito. Filipino indigenous cultures] with Spanish cultural elements. They almost borrowed what the Spaniards had. These were no longer Spanish as time went on but maintained the elements of both Filipino and Spanish cultures. Today, these new communities, which were of Spanish and Filipino roots, have been recognized in purpose and effect as Filipino but colonial.

American Culture
They implemented a large public education scheme during the American colonial era. They also made [https://www.dictionary.com/browse/english#:~:text=adjective,translation%20of%20a%20Spanish%20novel. English], along with Filipino, the national language of instruction. And what it means is that Filipinos are socialized to American norms long before migrating. So by the time they get here because of the heavy American effect, the normal problems that drive people into ethnic enclaves like not understanding the language, not having internal networks, don't matter.

Cultures in the Poem
Philippine culture comprises a blend of traditional Filipino and Spanish Catholic traditions, with influences from America and other parts of Asia. Filipinos are known as family oriented, religious, hospitable and mentally strong. These are the cultures mentioned in the poem:

Inheritance
It is in Filipino culture to passed their assets to the next generation in order to preserve the family’s assets and estates. In the first part of poem, it is mentioned that “I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past” which means the history of the Philippines will remain a great treasure that the new generation will inherit and must acknowledge. Aside from this, it is also mentioned “I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance” which means that only Filipinos will inherit the resources and land our heroes fight for.

Courage
Most of the Filipinos are mentally strong and positive thinker. Great example of it are; Jose Rizal who got shot at Bagumbayan because of accusation in rebellion, in exchange of that he gave Philippine independence. Another heroes who died for the country are Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Gregorio Del Pillar, Antonio Luna. In the poem, it was mentioned that “In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes” which means courage, and defiance runs in our blood like our heroes did.

National Anthem
Before, there are more than hundreds of Filipinos sang the “Chosen land” as they walk from Mactan to Tirad pass during Philippine-American War in 1899. The national anthem was composed by Julian Felipe in 1898 and the lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem Filipinas, written by José Palma in 1899. It was originally written as incidental music, it did not have lyrics when it was adopted as the anthem of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic and subsequently played during the proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. In the 1940’s the Spanish lyrics were translated into tagalog and revised the final lyrics in the 1960’s. On February 12, 1998, Republic Act No. 8491, officially set out Tagalog lyrics as the National Anthem, abandoning use of the Spanish and English versions. Now Filipinos used to sing the national anthem in every formal occasions.

POLITICAL
"“I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom shall have been added unto my inheritance—for myself and my children and my children’s children—forever.”"We all know on our history that there are so many nations who tried to conquer our country in terms of politics. For example, when Magellan came to the Philippines on March 16, 1521. The Spanish has made changes to people’s political, social, and cultural lives. One of them is Christianity. The death of Ferdinand Magellan on the Battle of Mactan delayed the Spanish colonization in the Philippines by 44 years until Miguel López de Legazpi  continued the Spanish colonization. After the Spanish colonization, Americans and Japanese also tried to seize the Philippines but our Filipino heroes didn’t let them to completely colonize our country. Burst forth royally again in the proud heart of Manuel L. Quezon when he stood at last on the threshold of ancient Malacañan Palace, in the symbolic act of possession and racial vindication. "'I have seen the light of justice and equality and freedom, my heart has been lifted by the vision of democracy, and I shall not rest until my land and my people shall have been blessed by these, beyond the power of any man or nation to subvert or destroy.'"Here in the Philippines, we have a democratic form of government. On June 12, 1898, the leaders of the revolution declared the independent state of nation. They established the first Republic of the Philippines, the first parliamentary democracy in Asia.