User:Cepedac/The Cushing Reflex

Cushing Reflex: One Page Proposal  

The goal of this project is to modify the existing Wikipedia article of 'Cushing Reflex' to the standing of a Good Article. Cushing Reflex is a nervous system response to an increase in intracranial pressue. This reflex was discovered by Harvey Cushing, a doctor who worked in both endocrinology and neurology. Cushing observed a distinct relationship between increasing cerebral compression and increasing blood pressure. This increase of pressure has been shown to affect both the sympathetic and parasympathetic portions of the autonomic nervous system. The primary three effects of the Cushing Reflex have been dubbed Cushing's Triad. This refers to the increase in blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia. This nervous system reflex is relevant in instances ranging from severe head trauma to using it as a warning sign during neurosurgery.

Outline

Here is our general outline of subtopics that is subject to change as additional references are acquired:

1. Introduction (with a picture included) 2. History/Discovery 3. Anatomy and Location of Structures involved 1. Brainstem 4. Mechanism 1. How it occurs (ICP etc.) 5. Importance of Reflex 1. Warning sign for brain ischemia particularly during an neuroendoscopy 2. Concussions 3. Hemorrhages 6. Symptoms/Signs of the reflex 1. Cushing's Triad 7. Current Research/Where future research is headed 8. See also 9. References

The work will be divided as follows: Sean Dikdan will research History and Anatomy, Philip Johnson will research the Mechanism and its Importance, and Cynthia Cepeda will research the Signs and Symptoms of the Cushing Reflex along with Current Research. These will all be compiled together as is seen in the preliminary outline above. This should offer a broad and thorough overview of the Cushing Reflex.

References

Cushing H. "Concerning a deﬁnite regulatory mechanism of the vasomotor centre which controls blood pressure during cerebral compression." Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 126 (1901): 289–92.

Dickinson, C. "REAPPRAISAL OF THE CUSHING REFLEX THE MOST POWERFUL NEURAL BLOOD PRESSURE STABILIZING SYSTEM." Clinical science 79.6 (1990): 543-50.

Erol, Demet. "A Risk during an Elective Repair of Craniosynostosis: The Cushing Reflex." Paediatric anaesthesia 17.5 (2007): 496-7.

Fodstad, H., P. Kelly, and M. Buchfelder. "History of the Cushing Reflex." Neurosurgery 59.5 (2006): 1132-7.

Fox, J., et al. "THE CUSHING REFLEX IN THE ABSENCE OF INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION." Annals of clinical research.Supplement.47 (1986): 9-16.

Grady, P., and O. Blaumanis. "PHYSIOLOGIC PARAMETERS OF THE CUSHING REFLEX." Surgical neurology 29.6 (1988): 454-61.

Kalmar, A., et al. "Value of Cushing Reflex as Warning Sign for Brain Ischaemia during Neuroendoscopy." British journal of anaesthesia 94.6 (2005): 791-9.

Meyer, G., T. Ducker, and L. Kempe. "THE CUSHING REFLEX." Transactions of the American Neurological Association 94 (1969): 358-9.

---. "THE CUSHING REFLEX." International Congress Series (1969): 103.

Molnr, Csilla, et al. "Harvey Cushing, a Pioneer of Neuroanesthesia." Journal of anesthesia 22.4 (2008): 483-6.