User:Chadwibe4616/sandbox

= Heat Illness =

Treatment
Only one third of all exertional heat illnesses that occurred at a high school, in 2013, happened when a medical professional was not on site at the time of injury/onset of heat illness. This makes it crucial for proper treatment to occur by general staff at the practice.

Cool First, Transport Second[edit]
Today's leading method for treating heat illness is "Cool First, Transport Second". When someone suffers from heat syncope or heat stroke it is crucial for them to get cooled down before getting in the given form of medical transport. If someone is suffering from heat stroke, the best treatment is to submerge them up to the shoulders in a cold tub of water. If the tub of water is not present then using something like a large tarp or basket to keep fluid in is ideal and if neither are available, then using ice bags under the armpits, along the spine and along the core are the best options.

According to the Korey Stringer Institute, the treatment of "Cool First, Transport Second" has 7 steps. Step 1: Take athlete’s rectal temperature. Step 2: Remove all equipment and excess clothing from the athlete, if possible (cut clothing if necessary). Step 3: Cool the athlete as quickly as possible via whole body ice-water immersion in a large tub that covers the athlete’s trunk and limbs. Water should be approximately 35-58°F. Continually stir the water and add ice throughout cooling process.(Note: if immersion is not possible, take athlete to cold shower or move to shaded area and use rotating ice towels to cover the body surface. Step 4: Wrap a towel under the athlete’s arms and hold to ensure an upright position while sitting in the tub.Step 5: Maintain airway, breathing, and circulation, while continuing to monitor core temperature. Step 6: After cooling is initiated, call 911. You must COOL BEFORE TRANSPORT. Do not transport the athlete until rectal temperature reaches 102°F. Step 7: Cease cooling when rectal temperature reaches 102°F.

Epidemiology of Work Injuries in the Heat https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2017/work-injuries-in-the-heat-in-2015.htm
Exposure to environmental heat led to 37 work-related deaths. There were 2,830 nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work as well, in 2015. Kansas had the highest heat related injury while on the job with a rate of 1.3 per 10,000 workers, while Texas had the most overall. Due to the much higher state population of Texas, their prevalence was only 0.4 per 10,000 or 4 per 100,000. Of the 37 reported heat illnesses, 33 of the 37 occurred between the summer months of June through September. The most dangerous profession that was documented was transportation and material moving. Transportation and material moving accounted for 720 of the 2,830 reported nonfatal occupational injuries or 25.4 percent. After transportation and material moving, Production placed second followed by protective services, installation, maintenance, and repair and construction all in succession.


 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4596225/
 * The month of August, which is associated with pre-season football camps across the country, accounts for 66.3% of exertion heat-related illness time-loss events. An average of 5946 persons were treated annually in us hospital emergency departments (2 visits/ 100,00 population) with a hospitalization rate of 7.1%.  Most commonly males are brought in 72.5% and persons 15-19 years of age 35.6%

Heat illness among high school athletes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23253644


 * Heat stroke in high school athletes occurs at a rate of 1.2 per 100,000 kids.
 * Exertional heat stroke is widely distributed geographically, but mostly occur in August (60.3%). 32% of all exertion heat strokes occurred during practices and almost a third occurred 2 or more hours into a given practice session.
 * Football was 11.4 times more likely than all other sports combined to be exposed to exertion heat illness. Only one third of the exertional het illnesses occurred when a medical professional was not on site at the time of the injury/onset.

Peer Review notes:

If you press the ? button on the top of the page when editing, there is a tab called keyboard shortcuts, and there should be a shortcut in there to add a source (it's under insert -> reference). The website will insert citations for you and put them into a citation format. (just a quick tip for you if you didn't know already)

Sources seem to be of good quality.

Hard to critique because it is in this format (which is fine) I would just mention when you are fully writing it out, think about the wordiness. Your bullet points were a little hard to understand and kind of wordy, also when you say "of the 37 workers" make sure you mention again that those are the 37 people that died, "of the 37 workers" just sounds a little vague if that makes sense? maybe say something like "Of the 37 work related deaths"

I don't know if this counts as epidemiology, but maybe add things about how to treat heath illnesses and things of that nature, and how effective those treatments are.