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=INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS=

BASICS IN FLUID MECHANICS
Fluid mechanics is the branch of science which deals with the behaviour of the fluids at rest as well as in motion. Hydraulics is a part of fluid mechanics which deals with water either at rest or in motion. 1.A fluid may be defined as a substance which is capable of flowing.liquids and gases are called fluids. 2.A liquid is a fluid ,which posses a definite volume. 3.A gas is a fluid which is compressible and posses no definite volume

Classification of fluids
Ideal fluids : fluids which have no viscosity ,surfacetension and they are incompressible.in nature the ideal fluids do not exist and these are only imaginary fluids

However the fluids which have low viscosity such as air and water may be treated as ideal fluids. Real fluids : real fluids are those fluids which are actually available in nature.these fluids posses the properties such as viscosity,surfacetension and compressibility.these are also known as practical fluids.

Properties of fluids
a)mass density b)specific weight c)specific gravity d)compressibility e)viscosity f) surface tension  h)capillarity

mass density
mass density of a fluid is its mass per unit volume .it is denoted by symbol ρ.units in S.I system KN/m3. For water ρ =1000kg/m3

Specific weight
Specific weight of a fluid is its weight  per volume .it is denoted by symbol  ϒ.units in S.I system KN/m3. Mass density and specific weight are related as w =ρg For water ϒ=9810N/m3

Specificgravity
Specificgravity is the ratio of specificweight of the fluid to the specific weight of standard fluid. it is dimensionless and has no units. For water G= 1 &  mercury G=13.6