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Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science is a private, non-profit, historically black graduate institution (HBGI) and a minority-serving institution located in Willowbrook, unincorporated Los Angeles County, California, United States. It was founded in 1966 in response to inadequate medical access within the Watts region of Los Angeles, California, USA. The institution officially became a university in 1987 and changed its name in order to reflect its new academic role. The university is named in honor of Dr. Charles R. Drew, a pioneering African-American physician who overcame long odds and racism in the early and mid-20th century to produce seminal work on blood banking and blood plasma storage and transfusion. He was also a distinguished surgeon and chair of surgery at Howard University.

CDU has earned designation as a minority-serving institution by the U.S. Office for Civil Rights, and is recognized by the Department of Education (DOE) under Title III B as a Historically Black Graduate Institution (HBGI). The University is a member of the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities and a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

In 2015, CDU was identified as a “hidden gem” by the Brookings Institution college ranking system and cited for offering among the “best value-added boost to its students' mid-career earnings.” (source) As recently as 2017, CDU was named the second most diverse four-year private nonprofit college in the nation (source). A California Wellness Foundation report estimated that one‐third of all minority physicians practicing in Los Angeles County are graduates of CDU and/or its residency training programs. More than 80 percent of CDU students report returning to practice in underserved communities following graduation. In 2018, CDU was ranked 48th out of 1655 colleges and universities across the country for highest-paid graduates, in the top three percent nationally. (source)

History
In 1965, African Americans in Watts faced double digit rates of unemployment, a lack of livable housing, poor health status and diminished access to health care facilities. Frustrations built and an arrest sparked a civil disturbance, later known as the Watts Revolt. In the aftermath of the revolt, Governor Edmund G. Brown created the McCone Commission to investigate the uprising. The Commission determined that poor health status and diminished access to health care were among the major factors that led to the upheaval and consequently prescribed more job training programs, improved health care services and increased education programs, among other initiatives. (source)

In response to community organizing and the McCone Commission’s recommendations to improve access to healthcare in South Los Angeles, Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School was incorporated in the State of California as a private, nonprofit educational institution in 1966. In 1973, Governor Ronald Reagan signed Senate Bill 1026 (source) by State Senator Mervyn Dymally to appropriate $1.2 million (approximately $6.6 million in 2017 dollars) in funding in order to support the clinical health sciences education, research, and public service conducted by the institution.

In January 1970, the offices of the Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School and the Watts -Willowbrook Regional Medical program formally opened at 12012 Compton Avenue. Those offices would serve as the central center for CDU’s operations until the W.M. Keck Building’s construction in 1984.

Presidents
2011 – present: David M. Carlisle, MD, PhD

2010 – 2011: M. Roy Wilson, MD, MS (acting)

2009 – 2010: Keith C. Norris, MD, PhD (interim)

2006 – 2008: Susan A. Kelly, MD

2005 – 2006: Thomas T. Yoshikawa, MD (acting)

2004 – 2005: Harry E. Douglas, III, DPA (interim)

1998 – 2004: Charles K. Francis MD

1997 - 1998: W. Benton Boone, MD (interim)

1991 – 1997: Reed V. Tuckson, MD

1989 – 1991: Henry Williams, MD (interim)

1987 – 1991: Walter F. Leavell, MD

1979 – 1986: M. Alfred Haynes, MD, MPH

1977 – 1979: David Satcher, MD, PhD, MPH

1968 – 1977: Mitchell Spelman, MD, PhD

Academic Programs
Three schools and colleges are housed on CDU’s 11-acre campus: College of Science and Health, College of Medicine and the Mervyn M. Dymally School Nursing (MMDSON).

In May 1978, a proposed agreement between the Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School and the UCLA School of Medicine to jointly establish an undergraduate medical program at Drew was formally approved. Students complete their first two years at UCLA and their third and fourth years, the clinical years, at CDU. The original agreement was signed to last for twenty years and is renewable. At the time, the program’s launch catapulted CDU onto the national stage, as it joined Howard University, Meharry Medical College and the Morehouse School of Medicine as the only minority-serving institutions in the United States during a time when the need for health practitioners was at a crisis level for Black urban and rural areas.

The Mervyn M. Dymally School of Nursing opened in 2010 under founding dean Dr. Gloria J. McNeal in direct response to the critical nurse shortage in California, as the state still ranks near the bottom of all states in the number of RNs per capita. The school was the first comprehensive nursing program to open in Southern California in decades, and the first ever of its kind in South Los Angeles. (source)

Return of Residency Training
The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors (source), acting on a motion by Board Chairman Mark Ridley-Thomas and Supervisor Janice Hahn, approved $800,000 in funds to develop two new residency programs at CDU in Psychiatry and Family Medicine in August 2017. Residents began their programs in July 2018. The program approvals marked the return of residency training to the University and, by extension, the wider South Los Angeles community, for the first time since 2007. They are expected to turn out physicians who will practice in some of the most medically under-resourced communities of Los Angeles. A Medical School Affiliation Agreement between the County Health Agency and CDU will provide the programs with ongoing support.

The Psychiatry residents complete their inpatient and outpatient work in Kedren Community Health Centers and various Department of Mental Health county facilities throughout SPA 6. Family Medicine residents complete their inpatient work at Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center in Downey, St. Francis Medical Center in Lynwood and outpatient work at the Martin Luther King, Jr. Outpatient Center in Willowbrook, as well as various Department of Health Services county facilities throughout SPA 6.

Degree Programs
Undergraduate Degrees


 * Associate of Science
 * Bachelor of Science

Graduate Degrees


 * Master of Science
 * Master of Health Sciences
 * Master of Science in Nursing
 * Master of Public Health
 * Doctor of Medicine

Graduate Certificates


 * Post-Baccalaureate Certificate in Pre-Medicine
 * Post-Master’s Certificate in Psychiatric - Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
 * Post-Master’s Certificate in Family Nurse Practitioner

Undergraduate Programs


 * AS Radiologic Technology
 * BS Biomedical Sciences
 * BS Radiologic Science
 * BS Urban Community Health Sciences/Public Health (will formally be “Public Health” for Fall ’19)
 * BS Nutrition Science and Food Systems
 * BSN Nursing (RN-BSN)

Graduate Programs


 * MD Charles R. Drew/UCLA Medical Education Program
 * MD Charles R. Drew/UCLA PRIME Program
 * MHS Physician Assistant
 * MS Biomedical Sciences
 * MSN Entry Level Master’s in Nursing
 * MSN Family Nurse Practitioner
 * MSN Psychiatric - Mental Health Nurse Practitioner

Graduate Medical Education


 * Family Medicine Residency
 * Psychiatry Residency

Research
CDU’s Department of Research and Health Affairs conducts ongoing research on conditions disproportionately affecting under-resourced communities of color, such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, chronic kidney diseases and HIV/AIDs. The department was initially established as the Office of Research in 1973 to organize the assignment of research activities at the institution and provide a focus for encouraging faculty participation in laboratory activities.

In 1979, comedian Richard Pryor gifted the University $100,000 (equivalent to roughly $350,000 in 2017 dollars) to further its muscular dystrophy research in the Watts area. At the time, the gift was the largest ever given to CDU by a Black donor (source) and was vital to the continued growth of basic biomedical research at CDU, which was still in early stages of development at the time. Additionally, it enabled CDU to become the first institution in Los Angeles to develop an epidemiological study of muscular dystrophy and related diseases in Los Angeles County – particularly how the crippling disease affected Black and other minority populations, and thus be able to render more effective treatment and services.

Clusters
CDU’s current research enterprise consists of five clusters:


 * Cancer Cluster: Led by Dr. Jay Vagdama. Dedicated to reducing cancer health disparities through research, education and training, as well as community outreach endeavors.
 * Cardio-Metabolic Cluster: Led by Dr. Theodore Friedman. Dedicated to fostering collaborative solutions for improving minority health and reducing ethnic and geographic disparities in cardiovascular and related diseases.
 * HIV/AIDS Cluster: Led by Dr. Nina Harawa. Dedicated to ensuring excellence in HIV education, research and service provision for underserved communities, both locally and internationally. The University's HIV research and services fall under this cluster and the Drew Center for AIDS Research Education and Services (Drew C.A.R.E.S.).
 * Mental Health Cluster: Dedicated to addressing the mental health disparity by conducting extensive research to better understand the causes, and devise effective solutions that make mental health services easily accessible to the community.
 * Health Services/Policy Research Cluster: Dedicated to ensuring that the healthcare needs of the community will be effectively communicated to policymakers and lawmakers in Los Angeles. Serves as CDU’s answer to a strong need for a policy institute that exclusively studies health disparities and aids in devising effective solutions in healthcare distribution, as well as political and social avenues.

HIV Testing
The university has on-campus clinics, including the SPECTRUM and OASIS Clinics, which offer HIV medical care and testing services, as well as case management, substance abuse counseling, support groups and treatment advocate services to members of L.A. County. All programs and services are located on the southeastern corner of the CDU campus, and are provided regardless of a patient’s ability to pay.

Accreditation
In July 2007, the university passed a curriculum review by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and retaining its accreditation, announcing plans for a new four-year medical school and nursing school in partnership with the University of California.

At its meeting on June 17–19, 2009 the Accrediting Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities acted to place the university on Probation due to it having been found to have serious issues of noncompliance with the Commission Standards. The university maintained its accreditation throughout this process and was removed from probation in 2011. In July 2018, the University’s accreditation was officially reaffirmed by WSCUC for a full ten years – the longest time period permitted by the review process – following a visit to the University in March 2018.

The School of Nursing was granted initial approval by the California Board of Registered Nursing in June 2009. The Western Association of Schools and Colleges granted its approval in March 2009. In 2011, the School of Nursing was granted initial full accreditation by both the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. In 2017, the nursing school’s master’s degree and post-graduate APRN certificate programs received accreditations from the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) for ten years, extending to December 31, 2027.

Pipeline Programs
CDU provides unique academic programs that expand the educational capacity of underrepresented youth to ensure their long-term success, health and well-being. CDU currently offers pathways to careers in medicine, science, research and health to Pre-K to 12th grade students via its pipeline programs, which include Saturday Science Academy-II, Project STRIDE, Opportunity Scholars Public Health Academy, Research Medical Careers Program and CDU Mobile STEM labs.

Association with Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital
Main article: Martin Luther King Jr.-Harbor Hospital

From 1972 to 2006, CDU was associated with the defunct Martin Luther King Jr./Charles R. Drew Medical Center, which closed in 2007. Both the university and associated public hospital fell into serious trouble at the outset of the 21st century. By 2006, several residency programs had to be terminated because they lost accreditation for not meeting the necessary amount of oversight, and the hospital itself was forced into a radical restructuring plan in late 2006. The restructuring caused hospital to sever its ties to the neighboring medical school and terminate support to 248 medical residents.

In October 2006, the national Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education informed school officials that it planned to revoke the university's accreditation because of the hospital's upcoming loss of Medicare money; as a result the university voluntarily withdrew its accreditation. On March 6, 2007, officials from the university announced that they would sue Los Angeles County for $125 million for breach of contract, claiming that the restructuring of the hospital gutted the adjacent university. In September 2009, the lawsuit was settled with an agreement under which the county would rent space to the university on favorable terms and the county and university would work together toward the reopening of MLK Hospital.

Since the opening in 2015 of the replacement medical center, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Hospital, CDU has maintained a close relationship with the facility due to proximity, but does not have a formal affiliation with the hospital.