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NPs can for instance be used as efficient contrast agents for molecular imaging,as carriers for targeted drug and gene delivery, and as therapeutical reagents for targeted photothermal therapy.(1) The near atomic scale specificity with which AuNPs can be manufactured enables fine-tuning of their size and shape for efficient integration into cells (2) Gold nanoparticles are good candidates for in vivo applications since their material composition is less cytotoxic compared to organic fluorescent dyes and quantum dots(3), Colloidal gold has been safely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis for half a century and recent work indicates that pegylated GNPs (colloidal gold coated with a protective layer of polyethylene glycol) exhibit excellent in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties upon systemic injection (4)

(1)-Diana B. Peckys and Niels de Jonge;.Visualizing Gold Nanoparticle Uptake in Live Cells with Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. dx Nano lett..doi.org/10.1021/nl200285r

(2)-Gianluca Rago,† Brigitte Bauer,‡ Fredrik Svedberg,§ Linda Gunnarsson,z Marica B. Ericson,‡Mischa Bonn,† and Annika Enejder*,Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles in Healthy and Tumor Cells Visualized by Nonlinear Optical Microscopy.| J. Phys. Chem. B 2011, 115, 5008–5016

(3)-David J. Javier,† Nitin Nitin,† Matthew Levy,‡ Andrew Ellington,‡ and Rebecca Richards-Kortum*,† Aptamer-Targeted Gold Nanoparticles As Molecular-Specific Contrast Agents for Reflectance Imaging. Bioconjugate Chem., Vol. 19, No. 6, 2008

(4)- M. Iosin a,*, F. Toderas a, P.L. Baldeck b, S. Astilean a Study of protein–gold nanoparticle conjugates by fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Journal of Molecular Structure 924–926 (2009) 196–200