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Commons:

East
=Blue Plaques= Reference

Ireland Wood
http://mapservices.historicengland.org.uk/printwebservicehle/StatutoryPrint.svc/23550/HLE_A4L_NoGrade%7CHLE_A3L_NoGrade.pdf

Stone circle in Clayton Wood

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1018814

Woodland Trust: Ireland Wood Management Plan 2017 7.6 hectares 50% oak, 20% birch two portions north and south of Hospital Lane. http://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/woodfile/463/management-plan.pdf?cb=216ad8b4fc8f438baea86ab024044eeb

Cole Part 2, page 47 Postwar estates. 1948 Iveson and Ireland Wood; 1952 Tinshill, Silkmill and Woodnook; 1957 Moseley Wood; 1973 Holt Park; 1980 Spring Wood

=Peter Jaconelli= Peter Jaconelli (25 November 1925 - 15 May 1999), was a business magnate, and mayor of Scarborough, North Yorkshire from 1971 - 2. He was implicated in the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal.

Life
Jaconelli was born in Glasgow on 25 November 1925 His father, Richard, was head of a company manufacturing and selling ice cream which relocated with the family in 1933 to Scarbororough and the seven-year-old began selling, something he continued to do even when he became chief executive and even after retiring in 1991, being known as the King of the Cornets. When in charge of the company he expanded it from a local company to a national catering one, supplying both ice-creams and desserts to restaurants.

Outside business, he was a Conservative local councillor becoming mayor of Scarborough for 1971-2 and made Honorary Alderman of the Borough of Scarborough in 1996. He was also chairman of the North Yorkshire county council planning committee, and on a number of other local government committees.

On 27 April 1972 he ate 500 oysters in 48.07 minutes to establish a Guinness World Record.

He died 15 May 1999 and was buried in Woodlands Cemetery, Scarborough. In 2012 his close friend Jimmy Savile was buried nearby.

Sexual abuse scandal
In 2014 it was revealed that Jaconelli had been charged with Indecent assault in 1972 and with Savile was suspected of being part of a paedophile ring which had operated in Scarborough. Savile's headstone had already been removed, and Jaconelli's was removed shortly after. The title of Honorary Alderman was posthumously removed in 2013.

1907 Report
REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL CHEMIST UPON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT LABORATORY FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1907. WITH APPENDICES. (Issued as a Payliamentary Pupey, pp. 1-33.) THE business of the Government Laboratory may be divided into three classes, via. : (I.) Work in connection with the Revenue Departments-(A) Customs, (B) Excise; (11.) work in connection with other Government Departments ; and (111.) work in connection with the administration of the Food and Drugs Act, and Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act.In all, 173,606 analyses and examinations were made. One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five samples of imported butter were examined, in accordance with the provisions of Section 1 of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1899, and of these 44.4 per cent. contained boron preservative (beinga decrease of 54 per cent. as compared with last year), and 25.1 per cent. added colouring matter. Of 67 samples of cream, 56 contained boron preservative, and 43 of these also contained salicylic acid. Of 127 reference samples under the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, and the Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act, 100 agreed, or partially agreed, with the analyses of the Public Analyst, whilst 24 disagreed. The bulk of the samples referred by magistrates consisted of milk. The charges alleged against the 83 samples examined were as follows : 41 for containing added water, 30 for deficiency in fat, 6 for both added water and deficiency in fat, 4 for containing boron preservative, and 2 for the presence of formaldehyde. In 10 cases the charges could not be substantiated-namely, 6 as regards added water, 3 as to deficiency in fat, and 1 as to the presence of boron preservative. One thousand two hundred and sixty-eight samples of beer, wort, and materials used by brewers were tested for the presence of arsenic. Of these, 49 were found to contain it in excess of the limits laid down by the Royal Commission on Arsenical Poisoning-namely, the equivalent of 1/100 grain of arsenious oxide per pound in the case of solids, or per gallon in the case of liquids. Of the 132 samples of malt examined, two only exceeded the limit, the highest amount found being 1/80 grain per pound. Of 711 samples of glucose, invert sugar, caramel, etc., only two exceeded the limit-namely, a sample of invert sugar which contained 1/50, and one of caramel which contained 1/70, grain per pound. The greatest amount found in any sample of wort or beer was 1/36 grain per gallon. The greatest amount found in any sample examined was 3 grain per pound, this quantity being present in an article intended for flavouring stout.

In 1907 more than 173,000 analyses and examinations were made, principally for Customs and Excise and in connection with the Sale Food and Drugs Act and the Fertilsers and Feeding Stuffs Act. This included, for example, 1875 samples of imported butter and 1278 samples of beer, wort, and materials used by brewers for limits of prohibited substances.

Privatization
The Next Steps arrangements represent an administrative agreement between ministers, supported by their departments, and chief executives to deliver agreed objectives. The roles, responsibilities and resources of each party are set out before launch in a Framework Document (Efficiency Unit 1988). Before an agency is established a 'prior options' review examines: whether the function should be abolished, privatized, market tested or contracted out, amalgamated or is suitable for agency status. One of the main concerns at the start of the agency project was that the arrangements would be a precursor to privatization (Treasury and Civil Service Committee 1988). In giving evidence to this committee, Michael Heseltine (then a backbencher) argued that agencies should be privatized (Flynn et al. 1988, p. 41) and for Nigel Lawson (the then Chancellor), the process of agencification provided a clarity which made privatization more feasible (Lawson 1992, p. 393). Concerns about privatization prompted governmental reassurances that functions provided through agencies would not normally be considered privatization candidates, and that where this was the case, it would be made clear when the agency was set up (Cm 524 1988, p. 7; Goldsworthy 1991). There was, therefore, a strong belief in departments and agencies that agencies were located in the public sector (Cambell and Wilson 1995, p. 243). Built into the agency process was a review of each agency's prior options (initially after three years, now after five). The first round of reviews coincided with the re-election of a fourth term Conservative government and a noted change in emphasis of the prior options process (Theakston 1995, p. 149). Before moving on to examine how the 1992 election provided a window of opportunity for strategic actors to seek to privatize agencies,

In the DTI, the LGC, provided a range of analytical chemistry analyses (LGC 1989). The role of the Government Chemist - who is also the Chief Executive of the LGC - was to act as an independent and impartial arbiter of last resort in the case of disputes over analysis in the Courts. It became an agency in 1989 with the keen support of the then Government Chemist and his line manager in the DTI, a former Government Chemist. At the time of agencification, it did almost no work in support of DTI legislation and the majority of its work came from other departments. Well before the LGC became an agency, it had clearly identified customers and charges. Although less involved than the FSS in the administration of justice, the LGC did (and does) perform some forensic work and when the future of the Metropolitan Police Forensic Laboratory was being debated consideration was given to its merger with either the FSS or the LGC (Efficiency Unit 1994, p. 10).

Management Buyout
The Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC) is a commercial company offering a wide range of activities based on chemistry and biology to the private and public sectors. The Laboratory dates from 1842 but takes its name from the long-established post of Government Chemist which it assumed in 1911, and which it still holds on behalf of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). The main roles of the Government Chemist are (i) to act as arbiter, or referee analyst, in disputes arising from chemical analyses undertaken to enforce regulations and (ii) to provide advice and expertise where chemical analysis impinges on regulation or government policy. The Laboratory became an Executive Agency in October 1989 and has returned an operating surplus in each of the years since, except for 1995. In 1993, following a review of privatization options, the President of the Board of Trade announced that LGC would become a company limited by guarantee but would also be willing to consider the possibility of a trade sale if a suitable buyer came forward. The DTI was clear that in privatizing LGC it wanted to see its statutory role maintained even though it would be trading in the private sector. This would mean that the title and role of Government Chemist would remain with the Laboratory and that it would principally be engaged in providing authoritative, independent and impartial advice to underpin the work of government, commerce and industry. Moreover, the Laboratory would continue to receive government support for its involvement in major public sector programmes for at least ten years in commercial terms. This would guarantee part of the Laboratory's income once privatization was complete. This was a demanding requirement for any potential purchaser, especially as the DTI required the eventual purchaser to enter into an agreement to do all things necessary to maintain the capabilities of the office of the Government Chemist. It is therefore not surprising that of the 40 initial enquiries into the sale only three were suitable to proceed further in March 1995. In the event, none of the organizations submitted a final bid. With discussions continuing with one party to establish commercial terms on which they would be willing to proceed, a last minute bid was submitted in June 1995 through a buyout consortium led by the chief executive, Richard Worswick, involving LGC management and employees, The Royal Society of Chemistry, and 3i. Remarkably in just three months the directors of LGC had managed to put together a proposal to purchase the Laboratory and identied appropriate financial backing. The consortium was eventually selected as the preferred bidder in November 1995 and was the first central government laboratory to be privatized through a buyout.

Further Reading:
=Cinderella=

Theatre
In 1804 Cinderella was presented at Drury Lane Theatre, London, described as "A new Grand Allegorical Pantomimic Spectacle" though it was very far in style and content from the modern pantomime. However, it included notable clown Joseph Grimaldi playing the part of a servant called Pedro, the antecedant of today's character Buttons. In 1820 Harlequin and Cinderella at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden had much of the modern story (taken from the opera La Cenerentola) by Rossini but was a Harlequinade again featuring Grimaldi. In 1830 Rophino Lacy used Rossini's music but with spoken dialogue in a comic opera with many of the main characters: the Baron, the two stepsisters and Pedro the servant all as comic characters, plus a Fairy Queen instead of a magician. However it was the conversion of this via burlesque and rhyming couplets by Henry Byron which led to what was effectively the modern pantomime in both story and style at the Royal Strand Theatre in 1860: ''Cinderella! Or the Lover, the Lackey, and the Little Glass Slipper''.


 * Cinderella debuted as a pantomime on stage at the Drury Lane Theatre, London in 1904 and at the Adelphi Theatre in London in 1905. Phyllis Dare, aged 14 or 15, starred in the latter. In the traditional pantomime version the opening scene takes place in a forest with a hunt in progress; here Cinderella first meets Prince Charming and his "right-hand man" Dandini, whose name and character come from Gioachino Rossini's opera (La Cenerentola). Cinderella mistakes Dandini for the Prince and the Prince for Dandini. Her father, Baron Hardup, is under the thumb of his two stepdaughters, the Ugly sisters, and has a servant, Cinderella's friend Buttons. (Throughout the pantomime, the Baron is continually harassed by the Broker's Men (often named after current politicians) for outstanding rent.) The Fairy Godmother must magically create a coach (from a pumpkin), footmen (from mice), a coach driver (from a frog), and a beautiful dress (from rags) for Cinderella to go to the ball. However, she must return by midnight, as it is then that the spell ceases.

=Joyce Dennys= Joyce Dennys was an English author, painter and illustrator. She produced a notable poster for the Voluntary Aid Detachment to recruit women as auxiliary nurses during World War I.

Married Dr Tom Evans, died 23 February 1991 in London (after him) had daughter, was grandmother and great grandmother. Obit in Daily Telegraph Tuesday, February 26, 1991, Issue 42199, p.18 (Announcements: Deaths: Evans)

Henrietta's War was column in the Sketch, cut out and sent to publisher much much later. Holloway, David The Daily Telegraph (London, England), Friday, September 27, 1985, Issue 40519, p.12 (807 words)

https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/joyce-dennys JOYCE DENNYS was born 14th August 1883 in India. The Dennys family relocated to England in 1886. Dennys enjoyed drawing lessons throughout her schooling and later enrolled at Exeter Art School. In 1919 Dennys married Tom Evans, a young doctor, and they moved to Australia. While living in New South Wales, Dennys's work was constantly in print and exhibited in many galleries. In 1922 Joyce became a mother and moved back to England. Her drawing took second place to the domestic and social duties of a doctor's wife and mother and she became increasingly frustrated. She voiced her frustrations through the character of Henrietta, a heroine she created for an article for Sketch. Henrietta was to become so important to Dennys that she once remarked, 'When I stopped doing the piece after the war, I felt quite lost. Henrietta was part of me. I never quite knew where I ended and she began.' These letters were later compiled to form Henrietta's War, first published by Andre Deutsch in 1985.

https://budleighbrewsterunited.blogspot.com/2013/03/more-joyce-dennys-paintings-on-display.html major biography, including Joyce Dennys was born in Simla, India.

After Exeter Art School and further art studies in London, interrupted by the outbreak of war in 1914, Joyce Dennys served in the Voluntary Aid Detachment nursing scheme. Her experience in various hospitals at this time was the source of amusing caricatures collected in her albums. In 1915 she was commissioned to draw the pictures for Our Hospital ABC with verses by Hampden Gordon and M.C. Tindall, published in the following year. She also produced recruitment posters for the War Office.

Following her marriage to Tom Evans the couple moved for a time to New South Wales where her illustrations, which she exhibited in numerous galleries, were much in demand. In 1922, now a mother, she returned to Britain where her husband became a GP in Budleigh Salterton. She took part in the town’s amateur dramatics at this time as an actress, producer and playwright, but her drawing took second place to the social and domestic duties of a doctor’s wife. However she continued to produce illustrations for magazines such as Punch and Sketch. Among the authors she worked with was Rodney Bennett, father of the composer Sir Richard Rodney Bennett. It was Joyce Dennys who invited him and his family to move to Budleigh when World War Two broke out.

Much of Joyce Dennys’ work is a wry comment on the inferior position of women in society. This 1930 print with the ironic title of ‘Perfect Wives’ features a long-suffering spouse enduring the cold as she watches her husband ice-skating…

Following her death in London in 1991 Joyce Dennys was cremated and her ashes scattered off the coast of Budleigh Salterton.

https://budleighbrewsterunited.blogspot.com/2013/03/more-joyce-dennys-paintings-on-display.html biography https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/joyce-dennys#! biography http://www.devonremembers.co.uk/content/ww1-stories/nurse-artist-and-author

Books
Henrietta's War: News from the home front - 1939 to 1942 by Joyce Dennys

Henrietta sees it through: More news from the home front - 1942 to 1945 by Joyce Dennys

Mrs Dose - The Doctor's Wife by Joyce Dennys Bodley Head 1930  (she was the wife of a doctor)

In 1926, painter Joyce Dennys (1893–1991) and writer Edmund George Valpy Knox, aka Evoe (1870 – 2 January) collaborated on A Winter Sports Alphabet.

Life
Prince was born in Chemnitz, Germany on 2 August 1928 from a Jewish family. He and his mother moved to Italy in 1936, to Ireland in 1939 and to New Zealand in 1940. He was educated at Christchurch Boys' High School in Christchurch, then studied chemical engineering at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand graduating in 1949. He then took a PhD at the University of Sydney, Australia, becoming a lecturer there. In 1953 he moved to the UK as a process engineer with The Distillers Company. He then from 1958 pursued an academic career, as a lecturer at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, then in 1960 a Senior Lecturer at the University of Sydney and in 1965 a professor at the University of Queensland, where he established a new department of chemical engineering. From 1969 to 1994 he was professor and head of the department of chemical engineering at the University of Sydney, remaining there until his retirement in 1998.

He died in Sidney on 3 July 2017.

Family
He married Laurel (19 November 1926 - 7 April 2018), whom he met while a student. They had three children.

Honours

 * Order of Australia
 * Peter Nicol Russell Memorial Medal from Engineers Australia
 * President, Institution of Chemical Engineers 1986–7
 * Fellow, Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering
 * His portrait was painted by Robert Hannaford and won an Archibald Prize in 1998

Buildings

 * Nurses Home LGI
 * School of Medicine LGI
 * City Art Gallery
 * YMCA Albion Street
 * Oxford Place Methodist Church
 * 58-62 Vicar Lane, Temperance Hotel
 * Police Station, Library Chapel Allerton
 * Cliff Road, Headingley Home for Girls 1873 (Grimshaw house)
 * Spring Bank, Headingley
 * Porch at Weetwood 1886
 * Friends Meeting House, York

Publications
An Architect's Sketch Book, At Home and Abroad John N. Rhodes, A Yorkshire Painter

History
The first written proof of Shadwell's existence is in 1086 in William the Conqueror's Domesday Book, where it is called Scadewelle, and is part of the Feudal Barony of Pontefract. The origin of the name is not certain, and some 25 variations are found in the historical record, the present one being largely fixed in the 18th century. In the original Anglo-Saxon form, 'welle' could mean a well, spring or boundary, often a boundary stream, such as Shadwell Beck. The 'scade' portion could refer to shady, or a name such as Chad or Shad, and different characters with these names have been postulated. The village pub "The Red Lion" is located between two wells which were originally used to gather water for the brewing process.

In the Middle Ages it was part of the Wapentake of Skyrack. Over the centuries Shadwell was sometimes a separate manor, sometimes part of the Manor of Roundhay until these rights were extinguished in 1935.

Shadwell was historically a township in the ancient church parish of Thorner in the West Riding of Yorkshire, until the construction of St Paul's Church. Roundhay Grange, originally a grange of Kirkstall Abbey, was a detached part of the township.

In the early part of the 19th century it was still a village with fewer than 200 inhabitants, containing 11 farms, 2 inns and a Methodist chapel but no school or church. However, from the middle of the century buildings began to appear as wealthier people moved out of industrial Leeds, made with stone from the local quarries. In 1866 the township became a separate civil parish as part of Wetherby Rural district, but in 1912 the parish was abolished and absorbed into Leeds.

In 1974 Shadwell became part of the enlarged City of Leeds in the new county of West Yorkshire. In 2002 the civil parish was reconstituted, with an elected parish council.

Telegraph
Richard Fitter Daily Telegraph

12:04AM BST 06 Sep 2005

Richard Fitter, the author and naturalist who died on Saturday aged 92, was one of Britain's best-known wildlife experts; over half a century, his field guides and other popular writings made an important contribution to the education of amateur natural historians. There can be few nature-watchers who have not, at some time or other, had the pleasure of carrying a Richard Fitter book on their outings. His series of identification guides, beginning with the Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds in 1952, was among the first and best of its kind. Written in a lucid and unpretentious style, these books were ingeniously organised to make things easy for the inexperienced animal or plant spotter. His Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers (written with David McClintock and published in 1956) had illustrations grouped by colour for easier identification. Fitter was also remarkable for his versatility. In an age of increasing specialisation (particularly in any aspect of science), he stood out as an authority on many diverse topics. His classic study of London's natural history was part of the Collins New Naturalist series. The Ark In Our Midst (1961) is a survey of the animals that were introduced to Britain - animals such as the muntjac, the rabbit and the grey squirrel. He produced, with his wife, Maisie, The Penguin Dictionary of Natural History (1967). Among his more unusual projects was the provision of the nature notes for the 1973 edition of The Butterfly Ball and the Grasshopper Feast, illustrated by Alan Aldridge. Fitter also did great service in the management of British wildlife, through his work with bodies such as the Council for Nature, the World Wildlife Fund and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. For all his success, however, he remained a modest and private man and shunned the media circus. A bespectacled and serious man, he was happiest at his home high up in the beech woods of the Chilterns, surrounded by deer, woodland birds and a rich array of wild flowers. Over the years, he identified nine different species of orchid growing near his garden. Since the 1930s he had been an inveterate recorder of the natural world; and his observations over time of events such as the dates on which wild flowers first bloomed have contributed to the growing suspicion that we are entering a period of climate change. Looking at the first flowering dates of 385 species, Fitter discovered that, on average, they flowered four and a half days earlier in the 1990s than they had in the period 1954-1990. Richard Sidney Richmond Fitter, the son of a businessman, was born in London on March 1 1913. He was educated at Eastbourne College, where he developed an early interest in birdwatching, and at the LSE, where he read Economics. He began his professional life as a social scientist, working on the research staff of the Institute for Political and Economic Planning (PEP) and, during the early war years, for Mass-Observation. In 1942 he joined the Operational Research Section of Coastal Command. Immediately after the war, he made the switch from human to animal matters when he became secretary to the special Wildlife Conservation Committee of the Ministry of Town and Country Planning. This was principally concerned with the creation of nature reserves. At the same time, he completed London's Natural History (1945), his first major book, and became assistant editor of The Countryman magazine. In 1958 he was appointed "open air" correspondent of the Observer. The following year Fitter took over as director of the intelligence unit of the Council for Nature. His public voice was now more frequently heard, urging people to help protect their national heritage of plants and animals. A network of wardens was organised to patrol areas containing rare flowers. After 10 years' preparation, he helped to found the British Deer Society in 1968. The first society of its kind, it aimed to study deer and their habitat, to give advice on management and control, and to set proper standards for pursuit and culling. In 1975 Fitter was a member of an inquiry panel into a more emotive issue: the gassing of badgers suspected of carrying TB. After exhaustive tests and surveys, the panel concluded that the gassing was justified, a judgment that caused widespread protests. Richard Fitter served on many conservation bodies, including the Fauna Preservation Society; the World Wildlife Fund; the government's Scientific Authority for Animals; and the British Trust for Ornithology. In 1978 he was admitted to the Order of the Golden Ark in the Netherlands. He received the Peter Scott Medal from the British Naturalists' Association in 1998, and, in the same year, the Christopher Cadbury Medal from the Royal Society for Nature Conservation. His many guides included the Pocket Guide to Nests and Eggs (1964) and Finding Wild Flowers (1972), a useful handbook detailing which plants could be located in which British counties. Despite his heavy workload, he still found time to write books until he was well into later life. Among these were a Guide to the Countryside (with his son, Alistair, and J Wilkinson, 1984), and the Field Guide to the Freshwater Life of Britain and NW Europe (with Richard Manuel, 1986). In 2003 he collaborated with Alistair Fitter and the artist Marjorie Blamey to produce the illustrated flora Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland. Richard Fitter married, in 1938, Alice Mary (Maisie) Stewart, who died in 1996. They had two sons and a daughter. Alistair Fitter is Professor of Biology at York University.

The Guardian
Obituary: RichardFitter: Conservation expert who wrote fauna and flora bestsellers

The Guardian (London) - Final Edition September 28, 2005

Copyright 2005 Guardian Newspapers Limited

Section: Guardian Obituaries Pages, Pg. 33

Length: 953 words

Byline: Rob Hume and Stephen Moss

Body The name of RSR Fitter, who has died aged 92, shouts from the bookshelves of hundreds of thousands of wildlife enthusiasts, on the spines of identification guides that helped and inspired generations of naturalists. Throughout his life, Richard was active in working for wildlife conservation. As early as 1934, while on a birdwatching trip to Lundy Island, Richard considered writing a book to help people identify wild birds. But it was not until after the second world war, when, by chance, he bumped into the talented young birdwatcher and artist Richard Richardson, that he could take the idea forward. The result was the Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds (1952), illustrated by Richardson, a quirky but invaluable publication with a user-friendly system grouping birds according to habitat, size and colour - rather than the scientific order that most books use. Richard felt that many guides were written for people who already knew which bird was which; his book was intended to help beginners, and it succeeded admirably. A second Collins pocket guide, in 1956, in collaboration with David McClintock, dealt with wild flowers, and is still used by many amateur enthusiasts. Up to a few weeks before his death, Richard was still revising Finding Wild Flowers (1972), again to help the enthusiast get more from the hobby. He was also embarking on his autobiography. Richard was born in London: his first memory was of sitting in a pram, watching ducks on the pond at Tooting Bec. Shortly afterwards, a glimpse of a song thrush's nest with eggs set him on an inevitable course. He developed his knowledge of birds while at Eastbourne College, and became involved in London's natural history while studying at the London School of Economics, making contact with other wildlife enthusiasts, such as Max Nicholson. After taking an economics degree in 1933, he became interested in social sciences and worked at the Institute for Political and Economic Planning till the outbreak of the second world war, when he joined RAF Coastal Command. After the war, he became secretary of the wildlife conservation committee of the Ministry of Town and Country Planning, dealing mostly with new nature reserves. His first book, London's Natural History (1945), was the third in the Collins New Naturalist series. Further books followed, and he became assistant editor of the monthly magazine, the Countryman. He became a director of the Council for Nature, served on the councils of the RSPB and the British Trust for Ornithology, founded the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Naturalists' Trust (now the wildlife trust, BBOWT), helped found the British Deer Society, and, in 1975, was involved in an early inquiry into badgers and TB. Richard was, at various times, on the steering committee, chairman and member of honour of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (now the World Conservation Union), and was closely involved with the Fauna and Flora Preservation Society (now Fauna and Flora International) and the ICBP (now BirdLife International). On a visit to America on the mid-1960s, he found a new bird book, The Golden Guide, that placed short texts directly opposite pictures, and urged Collins to do something similar. With illustrator Herman Heinzel and bird distribution expert John Parslow, a new guide, The Birds of Britain and Europe, with Africa and the Middle East - pop-ularly known as "Heinzel, Fitter and Parslow" - was published in 1972. A recent revision keeps it near the top of the list. Richard's wife, Maisie, whom he married in 1938, was a hard-working collaborator on his researches. As recently as May 2002, Richard co-wrote a paper in the journal Science with his son Alistair, a biology professor at York University, on the effects of climate change as shown by the changing flowering periods of wild flowers. As an observer and recorder of facts, he was able to show such changes from personal records, kept over 50 years, mostly in the Chilterns, where he lived. Books with Alistair and the artist Marjorie Blamey included Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland (1974) and several Collins flower guides. Richard was a popular, funny and inspiring speaker, still visiting schools and working on three books just months before he died. Maisie died in 1996. He is survived by his two sons and a daughter. Stephen Moss writes: Having learned my birding with the help of RichardFitter's books, I was privileged that our paths crossed twice in his later years, when he was as active as ever. The first time was sitting in his garden in the Chilterns, when I interviewed him for my book on the social history of birdwatching, A Bird in the Bush. He and Max Nicholson were the last surviving links with the years before the second world war, when birdwatching was done at a more leisurely pace and participants had time to stop and admire other forms of wildlife. With typical modesty, Richard underplayed his part in the postwar birdwatching boom, and lamented the fact that today's dawn chorus pales into insignificance compared to that of his childhood. Earlier this year, he took part in the BBC2 series Springwatch, talking about his decades of keeping records of signs of spring. We filmed Richard sitting in a woodland glade, with his tattered notebooks spreads out before him; he seemed amused that the data within them had proved to be so important. The UK Phenology network, with its thousands of participants, is a fitting tribute to him, and to a lifetime devoted to the observation, study and enjoyment of nature. Richard Sidney Richmond Fitter, naturalist and writer, born March 1 1913; died September 3 2005

The Independent
OBITUARY: RICHARDFITTER; INNOVATIVE WRITER OF WILDLIFE FIELD GUIDES

The Independent (London) September 5, 2005, Monday

Copyright 2005 Independent Print Ltd

Section: First Edition; OBITUARIES; Pg. 51

Length: 1688 words

Byline: PETER MARREN

Body RichardFitter was a prolific writer of wildlife field guides and one of the best-known British naturalists of the 20th century. His mould-breaking book published by Collins in 1952, Pocket Guide to British Birds, was arguably the first modern British field guide. Comprehensively illustrated with paintings by his friend R.A. Richardson, it made life easier for the birdwatcher by dispensing with the traditional order and grouping together birds by size and by their habitat. If you saw a big bird on the sea-shore, you had only to turn to the relevant page. Although Fitter and Richardson were criticised by traditionalists, post-war birders liked the book, and over 100,000 copies were sold. At the time of his death, the ever active Fitter was working on a flora of France. In 1955, Fitter teamed up with David McClintock to write The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers. Once again, Fitter dispensed with tradition. Rather than begin with buttercups and end with grasses in the approved order, he grouped the illustrations by colour, so that, for example, all similar-looking yellow flowers, whether they were buttercups, celandines, cinquefoils or rock-roses, appeared side-by-side. Together with its well chosen field notes and asterisks to denote rarity, the guide became a firm favourite for a generation of wild flower lovers. Over more than half a century, RichardFitter wrote a dozen field guides on birds, plants and the countryside. In his 91st year he joined the artist Marjorie Blamey and his son Alastair (now Professor of Ecology at York University) to produce what is widely regarded as the best illustrated British flora of our time, Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland. It includes several characteristic Fitterian innovations, including an illustrated glossary and keys, close- ups of fruits and flowers and thumb-nail distribution maps for every species. Exceptionally among recent field guides, there are no European flowers added purely to extend sales. From an early age, Fitter was obsessed with making records. He made lists of birds and plants from his rambles and car journeys, and maintained a small library of notebooks, reports and card indexes. His habit of recording the first dates of wild flowers was put to unexpected use in the 1990s when observers began to note that frogs were spawning and migrant birds arriving earlier than usual. Fitter's 50-year run of records of over 500 plants formed a unique source of data, which, when analysed, revealed that spring flowers were opening up to a month earlier, and that a few species, such as white dead-nettle, had extended their flowering over winter. The records also showed that climate change is very recent, with no evidence of change before 1990. RichardFitter was born in 1913 in south London, the only son of Sidney and Dorothy Fitter. He was a keen birdwatcher from boyhood; his earliest memory was of sitting in his pram watching ducks on the pond at Tooting Bec Common. Like many boys of his generation, he collected common bird's eggs, but once he acquired a pair of binoculars, his passion turned to living birds. He was encouraged by E.C. Arnold, headmaster of Eastbourne College, where Fitter boarded, and a keen ornithologist. An inveterate list-maker and notebook-filler, Fitter began to record birds for the London Natural History Society, and took particular interest in two birds that had only recently begun to breed in Britain, the little ringed plover and the black redstart. Following the fortunes of the black redstart took Fitter and his binoculars to such unlikely birding spots as Westminster Hospital, the British Museum and even Trafalgar Square. His running censuses of urban birds also brought him into contact with other leading birdwatchers, such as Max Nicholson and James Fisher. He and Fisher became perhaps the first motorised urban birdwatchers, one of them driving while the other craned from the window, counting birds as they came in to roost. Surprisingly, given his passion for wildlife, RichardFitter studied Economics at the LSE. His father ran a meat-importing company and hoped that the young Richard would develop a business sense. However, after graduating, RichardFitter instead joined the research staff at the Institute for Political and Economic Planning (PEP), founded in 1931 to investigate the economy, education and health. Working with another naturalist, Tom Harrison, he showed an aptitude for report writing in clear, non-technical English, and for summarising complex information in accessible form. He brought this talent to bear on his subsequent posting to Mass Observation, which applied the principles of social science to build up a picture of ordinary life Britain. His work in PEP and Mass Observation gave Fitter a broad perspective of the social community which he brought into his observations of birdlife. He later summed up his life's main occupation as 'observing wild and human life'. The first fruit of this fusion was his great book London's Natural History (1945), published as one of the first volumes in the still-running Collins New Naturalist library. The first fully comprehensive urban natural history, and making use of the notes he had accumulated since childhood, Fitter traced the changing nature of the city's wildlife, including its most recent manifestation, the greening of bomb sites in the East End of London. Fitter wrote the book with Trollopian regularity, devoting to it two hours every evening after his day time war service at the Operational Research Station of Coastal Command. The book was published just as the European war ended in May 1945. Helped by its ground-breaking colour photographs, over 40,000 copies were sold to a war-weary public. Denied access to the countryside for much of the war, townies were keen to see what home ground could offer. Fitter's all-round knowledge of nature and his experience with social report-writing led to an invitation to serve as secretary to the Wildlife Conservation Special Committee chaired by Julian Huxley charged with making proposals for nature conservation as part of the post-war construction. Fitter visited many of the places proposed as nature reserves, finding many of them much damaged by military use, or even ploughed-up during the national emergency. His recommendations helped to frame the 'shopping list' which resulted in Britain's first National Nature Reserves. In need of more regular employment, Fitter and his family left London in 1946 for the pleasant Cotswold town of Burford, where he became deputy to John Cripps at The Countryman magazine. For eight years he was also 'open air correspondent' for The Observer, contributing a column called 'Fitter's Rural Rides'. Although written in the spirit of William Cobbett, Fitter's perambulations were principally about the gentler pleasures of roaming and observing wildlife, especially in the Home Counties. Having witnessed the loss of many of the places he knew in pre-war days, Fitter became an active conservationist. He helped to set up BBONT, the naturalist's trust for the home counties of 'Bucks, Berks and Oxon'. With his wife, Maisie, who edited its magazine, Oryx, he joined the Fauna Preservation Society (now Fauna and Flora International), becoming its Honorary Secretary in 1964 and effectively running its British business. Fitter travelled extensively on society business and represented it at conservation meetings in Britain. His other conservation-related activities included his membership of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), which he joined in 1963, later becoming chairman of its steering committee. He also had a stint as information officer for the Council for Nature and as secretary and treasurer of the British Trust for Ornithology. He was involved in the preparatory work that led to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In later years, Fitter became fascinated by the Galapagos Islands, where his son Julian had settled as a wildlife guide in the 1970s. Most of his conservation work was voluntary and unpaid. From 1953, when he and Maisie bought their beautiful family home on the crest of the downs at Chinnor, Oxfordshire, RichardFitter earned his living from writing. He was author of nearly 30 books, with a range of subjects scarcely rivalled by any other natural history writer. They included a popular Penguin Dictionary of Natural History (1967), The Penitent Butchers (1979), a history of the Fauna Preservation Society written with Peter Scott, a biographical work, Six Great Naturalists (1959), and The Ark in our Midst (1961), a study of animals introduced to Britain. Above all, he will be remembered for the field guides, covering not only wild flowers and birds but freshwater life, grasses and ferns and the countryside, as well as locality-based books on finding wildlife. He possessed to an unusual degree the necessary persistence, encyclopaedic knowledge, card-index memory and literary method to produce one field guide after another without apparent strain while continually inventing new ways of bringing user and subject together. He was an ideal companion in the field, happy, relaxed and with an interesting " but never overwhelming " view on everything he saw. His family shared the wildlife bug " his wife and lifelong natural- history partner Maisie, whom he married in 1938, and his sons Julian and Alastair, were also distinguished naturalists. Richard Sidney Richmond Fitter, writer and naturalist: born London 1 March 1913; research staff, Political and Economic Planning (PEP) 1936-40; research staff, Mass Observation 1940-42; assistant editor, The Countryman 1946-59; director of Intelligence Unit, Council of Nature 1959-63; member, Species Survival Commission, IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) 1963-88; Honorary Secretary, Fauna Preservation Society 1969-81; married 1938 Maisie Stewart (died 1996; two sons, one daughter); died Cambridge 3 September 2005.

Honours

 * 1971 MBE for work with the Devon Trust for Nature Conservation Ltd
 * 1989 OBE for services to conservation
 * 1995 Peter Scott Memorial Award from the British Naturalists’ Association.

History
The first mention of the area is in 1086 in the Domesday Book as the manor of Chesinc (p3) In 1166 someone is referred to as Affric de Keswick,(p6) and in 1284 the village is referred to as Estkesewyk.(p7)

In 1525 the Lay subsidy rolls recorded 14 taxpayers in the village: two tenant farmers and the rest labourers.(p16) The 1672 Hearth Tax listed 36 households in the village suggesting a population of about 150 or so.(p24)

While the basic economy was farming, lime began to be quarried from 1700 and it became a substantial supplier of limestone for building in the 19th century.






 * East Keswick was in this parish
 * East Keswick was in this parish
 * East Keswick was in this parish

Life
Reavell was born 10 June 1872 in Alnwick, the son of George and Martha Reavell. He attended Alnwick Grammar School and Silcoates School. He married Emma Mabel Clowes on 24 May 1898, and they had two sons, and one daughter. One of his sons, Brian Noble Reavell, was also a Chemical Engineer, and took over as Chairman when he retired from his business in 1960.

He died 26 August 1973.

Career
He wanted to be a chemist, but instead served an apprenticeship in electrical engineering, and had several positions, rising to be manager for the European operations of an American chemical engineering company Worthington Pumps then manager of Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd., dealing with sugar refining, of which a particular aspect is evaporation. In 1907 he set up his own company Kestner Evaporator and Engineering Co., to deal with the British and Empire market of an improved design of evaporator patented by his friend, French inventor Paul Kestner. During the First World War his engineering expertise was applied to solving the shortage of explosives in a team headed by Lord Moulton. He continued as Chairman of Kestner until 1960, when he stepped down in favour of his son, Brian, but continued as President until 1963. The company made a variety of chemical plants with subsidiaries in India and South Africa.

Institutions
As Chairman of the Chemical Engineering Group of the Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) he was one of the small group of enthusiasts who founded the Institution of Chemical Engineers, becoming its President 1929. He continued to be active in the SCI, being Vice-President from 1931-4.

He was also a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers; a Fellow of Institute of Fuel; and a Fellow, Institute of Metals; Chairman of the the British Chemical Plant Manufacturers' Association; Chairman of the chemical engineering industry section of the British Standards Institute; and President of the Combustion Appliance Manufacturer's Association from which he formed the British Coal Utilisation Research Association, and was its Vice-President.

Kestner Evaporator
The Kestner Evaporator was novel equipment by French inventor Paul Kestner for concentrating liquids. Unlike the existing technology it did not have a horizontal liquid surface but instead vaporization occurred on a thin film moving up inside vertical tubes. It was the first of what is now known as a climbing film evaporator. They were often used in series at progressively lower pressures, known as a Multiple-effect evaporator.

A 1926 handbook said this: "The Kestner Evaporator has been discussed in the technical literature more than any other kind of evaporator. It has vertical tubes with liquor inside and steam on the outside, but its distinguishing feature is the ratio of tube length to tube diameter, up to 23 feet long 1 ¼ to 1 ¾ inches in diameter."

The principle is that liquid is fed into the bottom of vertical tubes, each of which is surrounded by a rapid stream of steam. This causes the liquid to boil, the vapour produced going upwards and dragging a film of liquid up the inside of the tubes. The vapour and liquid are separated by passage through curved vanes giving a centrifugal effect. The high velocity inside and outside the tubes gives a high rate of heat transfer. Because the liquid is only in contact with the hot surface for a short time (20 seconds compared with up to an hour in traditional evaporators) thermally sensitive substances such as fruit juice, sugar and dyestuffs are not damaged.

For more viscous materials a falling film version of the Kestner evaporator was produced, and a climbing film followed by a falling film is used in combination in some processes.

UK Company
The evaporator and other inventions of Kestner were sold in continental Europe, but in 1908 a British friend, J. Arthur Reavell set up a company in the UK deal with Kestner's patents for the British Empire market. It initially consisted only of Reavell, another engineer and a secretary, their task being to design process plant for others to build, but expanded to three floors and a laboratory, then a workshop and ultimately acquired other businesses making parts.

Kestner South Africa Pty was set up in 1949 and Kestner Australia Pty in 1950.

In 1967 the company was acquired by APV holdings.

Other Products
As well as climbing and falling-film evaporators, the company made reactors, crystallisers, spray dryers, drum dryers, low pressure dryers to concentrate heat sensitive materials at temperatures below ambient, and infra-red dryers for powdered or granular material. In addition composite resins with the trade names Keebush and Keeglas were introduced for acid and other corrosive service. They introduced Heat-transfer fluid systems with oil and then Perolene, a eutectic mixture of diphenyl and diphenyl oxide.