User:ChiBlue99/sandbox

Responding to Peer Review
I have made changes based on the suggestions by the people that peer reviewed. Am working to add more sources to support the claims made about different countries use of Pangolin parts.

The pangolin trade is the illegal poaching, trafficking, and sale of pangolins, parts of pangolins, or pangolin-derived products. Pangolins are believed to be the world's most trafficked mammal, other than humans, accounting for as much as 20% of all illegal wildlife trade. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), more than a million pangolins were poached in the decade prior to 2014.

The animals are trafficked mainly for their scales, which are believed to treat a variety of health conditions in traditional Chinese medicine, and as a luxury food in Vietnam and China. Trafficking of the pangolin is also done for medical and spiritual belief use in Africa. The medical and spiritual uses depend on the regions that they are used in and the cultural values that the region holds.

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), which regulates the international wildlife trade, has placed restrictions on the pangolin market since 1975, and in 2016, it added all eight pangolin species to its Appendix I, reserved for the strictest prohibitions on animals threatened with extinction. They are also listed on the IUCN Red List, all with decreasing populations and designations ranging from Vulnerable to Critically Endangered.

Pangolin Belief Use
Within Africa, pangolins are located in Southern, Central, and East Africa. Trafficking and hunting of pangolins is due to the belief that parts of their bodies possess spiritual and curative powers. It is common to see a pangolin used for traditional medicine and spiritual purposes. Pangolins have also been hunted and trafficked for their meat.

Medical Use
Traditional medicine or ethnomedicine has been practiced by communities for centuries and in Africa the use of pangolins for traditional ethnomedicine still occurs. Ethnomedicine is the study of different societies' notions of illness and health, and the way that illness' are treated. In some countries, like Ghana, traditional medicine is the main way that the majority of the population will get medical treatment. For ethnomedicine, many of the body parts of the pangolin are used. The uses of each pangolin body part depends the community that is using the body part because each culture develops a unique traditional medicine.

Nigeria
Traditional medical use of the pangolin is used by cultural groups like the Awori Tribe in Southwestern Nigeria and Yorubic medical practitioners in Ogun State, Nigeria. Yorubic medical practitioners use scales, bones, and the head of the pangolin to treat different medical ailments. The scales are used to treat stomach disorders, gonorrhea, regulate menstrual periods, cure genital itching or swelling, heal wounds and cuts, treat mental illness, treat stroke, and serve as an antidote for both sexual poison and regular poison. The bones of a pangolin are used to treat stroke, back pain, and rheumatism. The head of a pangolin is used to treat convulsions and remove dizziness. The Awori Tribe uses the scales of a pangolin to treat back pain, mental illness, rheumatism, stomach ulcers, and venereal diseases. The scales are also used to heal wounds and cuts, create aphrodisiacs, and serve as antibiotics. The bones of the pangolin are used by the Awori Tribe to treat rheumatism and stroke. The head is used by this tribe to treat mental illness.

Ghana
Pangolin body parts are used for traditional medicine in Ghana. In a study done in Ghana, they discovered that 13 pangolin body parts were used in Kumasi, a metropolitan area in Ghana. Within Ghana, the scales are used to treat a number of different medical ailments like rheumatism, infertility, convulsions and epilepsy, menstrual pains, stomach disorders, headaches, waist and back pain, stroke, mental illness, skin scars, waterborne illnesses, and leprosy. Another part of the body that was mainly used were pangolin bones. The bones are used to treat rheumatism, convulsions, headaches, stroke, waist pain, asthma, mental illness, fever, bedwetting, broken legs, skin rashes, and breast cancer. The head of the pangolin is used to treat infertility, stroke, headaches, heart disease, fever, gonorrhea, and body aches. Other body parts of the pangolin are also used for ethnomedicine such as the meat, flesh, and eyes.

Botswana
Within Botswana, the pangolin is also used for ethnomedicine. The body parts of the pangolin that are used are the scales, heart, blood, lungs, and stomach. The scales of the pangolin are used to heal cracked heels, treat a persistent cough, and if they are smokes, they can be used to improve cattle health. The heart is used to treat heart attack, asthma, and Psoriasis. The blood of the pangolin is used to stop nose bleeding and treat hypertension. The lungs of the pangolin are used to treat asthma, and the stomach is used to treat internal parasites in children.

Sierra Leone
In Sierra Leone, the main three body parts of the pangolin that are used for traditional medicine are the scales, oil, meat, and head of the pangolin. The scales are used to treat skin disease, impotence, infertility, broken ribs, stomach diseases, inflammation of the naval, athletes foot, nail disorders, healing premature babies, arthritis, rheumatism, epilepsy, body pain, ear infections, and skin rashes and scars. The oil of the pangolin is used in Sierra Leone to treat skin rash, skin stretch marks, heel fissures, skin diseases, knee pain, heart diseases, and elephantiasis. The meat of the pangolin is used for healing premature babies, stomach disorders, rheumatism, epilepsy, high blood pressure, body pain, common childhood diseases, treating convulsions, and anemia. The head of the pangolin is used by the people in Sierra Leone to treat infertility, headaches, skin diseases, act as a antidote for poison, and to treat toothache, heart disease, paralysis, hernia, and claw hand.

Non-Medicinal Belief Use
Non-medicinal belief use is the use of natural products in a range of spiritual, ritual, and occult purposes. The uses vary based on the cultural group using the product.The pangolin is also used for spiritual reasons in African countries including Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Botswana. The body parts that are used depend on the region or country that are using these body parts, The spiritual used of pangolin body parts related more to solving problems that aren't physical ailments. They are such problems like improving financials of a family or individual, protecting against evil or witchcraft, or increasing good luck.

Nigeria
In Nigeria, the pangolin has a number of non-medicinal belief uses. The flesh of the pangolin can be used to confer abilities of divination to the consumer, it can give good luck, as well as provide protection and safety, and calmness of a hardened mind. The head and the tip of the tail combined can lead to breaking through in a business. The limbs of a pangolin can be used for good fortune and money, and can also be used to create rituals. The scales of a pangolin are also commonly used in Nigeria for non-medicinal belief uses. The scales are used to give good luck, increase the productivity of a farm, wade off witches and evil forces, have a safe delivery, provide protection, to arrest thieves, and to create amulets. The whole body of a pangolin has many non-medicinal belief uses including building rituals, good fortune, prosperity, wading off sickness or illness, removing the barreness in a women, invisibility, to enable to womb to retain semen, good sales in market, hypnotizing a women for sexual abuse, to win or seduce a women for marriage, money rituals, and the prevention of spells and curses.

Ghana
In Ghana, the pangolin's body parts are also described to treat and/or inhibit spiritual ailments from affecting the community or individual. Pangolins scales are used for spiritual protection, financial rituals, and protection from witchcraft. The pangolin's bones are used for spiritual protection and protection from witchcraft. The head of a pangolin is used for spiritual protection and financial rituals. The meat of a pangolin is used to create charms for tribal chiefs and pangolin tail is used to help aid in courting a lady.

Sierra Leone
In Sierra Leone, many different body parts of the pangolin are used for non-medicinal belief use such as treating spiritual ailments. The scales of the pangolin are used to make one bulletproof and cutlassproof, and to provide protection from witchcraft as well as other spiritual protection. The meat of a pangolin is used to increase intelligence of an individual, and the tail of a pangolin is used to prevent against a snake bite and to provide spiritual protection. The blood of a pangolin is used for protection against witchcraft while the intestines of the pangolin are used for good luck and the claws of the pangolin are used for protection against witchcraft. The whole animal is used to allow for invisibility of an individual.

Botswana
In Botswana, there are seven main parts of the pangolin that are used for spiritual uses. The fat of the pangolin is used to to protect against bad luck and evil. To create this spiritual outcome the fat of the pangolin is mixed with other bioactive compounds used by cultural groups. To protect one's homestead against evil or a form of bad luck, pangolin nose is mixed with other bioactive compounds. The head of a pangolin is used to protect livestock and as a kraal against evil spells and predators. Paws and scales in combination are used to protect crops and a plowed field from any form of evil or witchcraft. The scales and blood of a pangolin are used together to attract lovers of customers. For this spiritual use the scales are either kept in the person's wallet or in the safe of the business that they want to attract customers too. The whole body of a pangolin is used to determine the gender of new borne calves.

Daryl Floyd: Peer review: Pangolin trade
First of all let me say you've done quite a lot of work; its very thoroughly researched and well-sourced, and the organization is good. (I'm not sure if it would help to organize by location rather than spiritual/medical use. Since this is going to go into the existing article the way you have it may be better). I think something that would help out what you have so far is to read through what you've written out loud -- there are a few typos, or spelling errors that change or mess up the intended meaning of the sentence that can be fixed rather easily (it's more of a nitpick, I changed a few s's to d's). I think maybe moving your second section "Pangolin Belief Use" into the leading section once you move it into the full article would be helpful to reduce clutter too. I also wonder if it may be helpful to create a section to focus on the non-medicinal, non-spiritual aspects of usage, such as economic usages. (Maybe calling it magical? I'm torn whether or not this would add unnecessary confusion or not. Is there a significant enough difference between spiritual and magical?) I know I had something else, but I don't remember what it was... ah that's right! I think it may be useful to introduce the term 'ethnomedicine' into your wording here and there in place of traditional medicine -- they're rather interchangeable terms but depending on the reader one may not associate their medicine with "archaic-ness" as much, despite how we may feel about it -- but that'd be a choice left up to you. I'll stop now, feel free to ask me questions if you want. Nice work!

Jeremiah Anderson: Peer review - Pangolin trade
To start, you did a great job locating reliable resources. All of your facts are backed with a least one source, often even more. You used a good amount of information to support each topic and took time going in depth-enough with each subheading. I think that medical and spiritual use are good additions to the "trade" aspect of the page you are adding to. It highlights reason why pangolins are traded in ways you would not think of.

The formatting of your additions are well organized. I like the medical/spiritual use - with where they;re used as the sub-headings. In certain areas, sections only have one source cited for each sentence. However, it may be hard to find multiple facts about a certain area that say different things (so multiple citations may not be needed. I think these additions to the Pangolin Trade article is under way to being polished.

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Add to an Article:
Pangolin:

The threat of extinction due to hunting them for game meat and the reduction of their forest habitats because of deforestation through the creation of land for agriculture and other purposes. Pangolin are hunted as game meat for both medicinal purposes and food consumption.

Article Evaluation:
Article Title: Tiger Poaching in India

-The article is very short and relatively disorganized.

-They give brief talk of population numbers, but don't really define where the Tigers are poached from, who poaches them, and why they are poached.

-In the introduction, they mention the conviction rate and who one of the major poachers is. Later in the article the don't really mention anyone other than the famous poacher. This is just one of the items that they mentioned in the introduction.

-When talking about the Sansar Chand, they don't talk a lot about him or his business. It is a very brief overview of his capture and the number of animal remains found in his possession.

-The author has a decent number of references where the links work but some don't or are not from reliable sources. He also has a good number of references, but seems to have refrained from using a lot of the information provided by the references.

-All the facts have links to articles/references

- There is little talk on the talk page except for one user who seems to not have gotten their question answered or addressed in the talk page or the article.

-The article is not involved in other wikiprojects yet, but there are three that are interested in being involved in the article.

I have a question about the traditional use and why the tigers have been poached. Has it been for sport, traditional uses, any others?