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United States v. Aluminum Co. of America, 148 F.2d 416 (2d Cir. 1945) is a seminal case in U.S. Antitrust law, specifically § 2 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. § 2). This case is illustrative of exclusionary conduct by a single firm in the marketplace.

The decision, authored by Judge Learned Hand, revolved around Alcoa's activity as a producer and seller of aluminum ingot. At the time of the decision, the Supreme Court could not reach a majority due to a large number of Justices recusing themselves for conflicts of interest. To solve the problem, Congress passed a law which provided that for the purposes of the case, the Second Circuit would act as the Supreme Court and their decision would be binding precedent as such. The decision was subsequently recognized by the Supreme Court as binding precedent.