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Music Therapy in Rehabilitation
Music therapy has multiple benefits that pursues the maintenance of health and advances clients in need toward rehabilitation. Advanced technology that can monitor cortical activity gives an understanding of how music engages and changes the brain during the perception and production of musical stimuli. Music therapy in use with other rehabilitation methods has advanced the success rate of sensorimotor, cognitive, and communication rehabilitation. . Music therapy intervention programs may include the average dose of 18 sessions of music therapy treatment. To achieve a physical rehab goal relies on the clients’ existing motivation towards music and their commitment to engage in meaningful, rewarding efforts. Regaining full function also confides in the prognosis of recovery, the premorbid condition of the person, the environmental resources available. Sessions may consist of either active techniques– where the client creates music - or receptive techniques – where the client listens to, analyzes, moves and response to the music. . Both techniques use systematic processes where the therapists assist the client by using musical experiences and connections with the music that collaborate as a dynamic force of change toward rehabilitation. . The music is at times chosen by the client, or by the music therapist based on the clients reciprocation to the music. .

Physiology of Rehabilitation using Music Therapy
Music has many calming and soothing effects that can be used as a sedative in rehabilitation For example, a patient with chronic pain may decrease the physiological result of stress, and distract attention away from the pain by focusing on music. . Music has the ability to associate physiological changes in the body and elicit physiological responses such as pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension. Music may also stimulate a calming effect of the cardio vascular system. .

Music as a Motivator
Music therapy used in rehabilitation has had a substantial emphasis on sensorimotor development including balance and position, locomotion, agility, mobility, range of motion, strength, laterality and directionality. . By using music during senorimotor rehabilitation, it allows clients to express themselves and motivates them to learn the active joint range of motion and motor coordination in which they are aiming to acquire. For example, clients with a brain injury may lack the ability to initiate movement. The intensely captivating and attention enhancing quality of music motivates clients to participate in physical activity or exercise by easing the discomfort and strenuousness of the physical rehabilitation and helps the client persevere without being conscious of the difficulty. Music can be an element of distraction, allowing client to transcend into a positive routine of rehabilitation that is beneficial aesthetic experience. . Research suggests a strong connection between motor activation and cueing of musical rhythm. Rhythmic stimuli has been found to help balance retraining for those with a brain injury. Repetition of proficient rhythmic qualities will stimulate participants so that the abrasive beats will synchronize with neural activity during a rhythmic motor task. For example, Clients with Hemiplegia gain improvement of posture stability, and consistency of symmetrical strides and regularity in step lengths when listening to music with strong rhythmic beats. .

Clients Creating the Music as Rehabilitation
Music therapy rehabilitation sessions that incorporate active techniques involve the client producing the music themselves. This may include the client making a musical composition, or performing by singing or chanting, playing instruments, or musically improvising. . Singing is a form of rehabilitation for neurological impairments. Neurological impairments following a brain injury can be in the form of apraxia – loss to perform purposeful movements, dysarthria –muscle control disturbances due to damage of the central nervous system), aphasia (defect in expression causing distorted speech), or language comprehension. Singing training has been found to improve lung, speech clarity, and coordination of speech muscles, thus, accelerating rehabilitation of such neurological impairments. For example, melodic intonation therapy is the practice of communicating with others by singing to enhance speech or increase speech production by promoting socialization, and emotional expression..

Instruments for Impaired Clients
When having the patient actively participate with an instrument, it is very important for the therapist to provide them with an instrument that they can readily use with ease. Clients with limited physical abilities may express frustration when they are not able to control their environment. The ability to employ and operate a musical instruments provides a sense of relaxation and accomplishment. Instruments must be selected to provide immediate successful experiences- meaning certain adaptions of the instruments may be required in order for the people to manipulate them. For example, a drumsticks handle should be manipulated to be more prominent for those clients that may have a weak grip. . Electric music making devices were adapted to fit the clients limited but existing movements, strength, and abilities. Electronic devices-such as the Sound Beam and the Wave Rider- read a variety of small movements made by the clients and converts the movements into electronic musical information. The devices are programmed to create mistake-proof yet pleasing notes and sounds in coordination to the participants’ movements. It is also crucial for the client to be aware that music making is simply a modality for rehabilitation and that their wellness is not dependant on their existing musical skills. It gives the clients an outlet of expression that they may have lacked the capability to express. By accomplishing the production of musical sounds despite their weaknesses and disabilities, it encourages the clients and relieves their anxiety that they may acquire at the thought of playing musical instrument without experience. By using such adaptive music devices, it gives clients with the ability to create sounds that are originally expressive and allows them to experience affirmation –a feeling of capability to control ones own environment- an ability they may not be familiar to. .