User:ChrisJenkins-100460518/sandbox

Defining White-Collar Crime
White collar crime is not a violent physical crime, rather it's impact is devastating on a wider scale. The term "white collar-crime" was coined by Edwin Sutherland, who also was one of the first to describe its potential causes and who commits these crimes. Edwin Sutherland explained that the "white collar" sprouted from the upper class in society, primarily made of respected professional business men. This kind of crime encompasses commercial fraud, deceiving consumers, insider trading on the stock market, embezzlement of funds, computer crime, and other forms of inappropriate business scams. These crimes generally involve: -Occurs when something of value is given to a public official in exchange for preferable treatment, or when officials abuse their power for personal gain. Bribery displays corruption of a relationship of trust. -Embezzlement originated in England as a common law offense in 1473 based on a case, which involved theft of bales of wool. The term, originated from the French embeiseller, which means to destroy. Embezzlement is a ranging offense that involves the misappropriation or destruction of money or property in which an individual can be entrusted. Any property, including animals, can be embezzled.
 * form of misrepresentation in financial statements
 * changes to the stock exchanges
 * bribery
 * embezzlement
 * fraudulent production
 * misapplication of funds
 * short weights

Impact of White-Collar Crime
Given the low statistical data, it's difficult to determine how many white-collar criminals are eventually caught, due to the nature of their crime. It's difficult to determine what their criminal activity entails, and who they impact. With further explanation it becomes evident that it impacts key areas of concurrent life. As an example, pension frauds can destroy the legitimacy of a bank as well as it's structure, tax and public sector fraud decreases government resources for education, health, and welfare. In turn, this destroys the safety of anyone who uses these services including workers.

Computer Based Crime
The categorization of cyber-crime arose in the 1960's when computers were being released for public use, not only government use, or for the higher class. With public availability and the computer being a household item, a myriad of problems surfaced. In the 1970's, the first electronic based offences that typically consisted of:
 * computer manipulation
 * espionage
 * sabotage
 * fraudulent transfer of electronic funds

Categories of Cyber-Crime
-Sending cruel, vicious, and sometimes threatening messages, ridiculing others, posting pictures of classmates with intent of insult, tricking individuals into revealing information, and taking pictures without consent. In Canada, the OPP suggests that one should not respond, keep records, talk to someone, and unplug any devices to mitigate problems. -As an example, technology has advanced a great deal over the decades globally from government war tactics in other jurisdictions to anti-money laundering in financial institutions. For example, when Israel attacked Syria, they used light and electric pulses to transmit commands and information. These commands took control of their technology, allowing the Israelis to disable their defenses which opened up the opportunity for a swift surprise attack on the enemy.
 * inappropriate internet usage
 * spam/phishing
 * offensive content
 * harassment/threats
 * cyber terrorism/warfare