User:Christinetranster/Tuberculosis management/Npatel23 Peer Review

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 * christinetranster

I'm just copying your work and underlining my edits / suggestions that are slightly nit-picky.

Management in Asia: no colons after anything
The Asia‐Pacific region carries 58% of the global tuberculosis burden, which includes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Southeast Asia suffers from high burdens of tuberculosis as a result of inefficient and inadequate health infrastructures. According to the World Health Organization, Asian countries with high cases of tuberculosis will invest in new technology to treat patients but it will not be covered by the government. This sentence is kind of unclear, maybe rephrase it - Many Asian countries have high cases of tuberculosis, but their governments cannot/will not invest in new technology to treat patients.

Philipenes:
From 2005-2009, the IPHO-Maguindanao, a governmental organization in Maguindanao, Philippines, partnered with the Catholic Relief Services because the majority of the demographic practices Catholicism. In order to provide awareness about tuberculosis while instilling activism in the community, “the Catholic Relief Services implemented theUSAid-assisted project” quotes around this seem unnecessary, just rephrase which helped provide funding for tuberculosis testing. The Catholic Relief Services also launched a project called “Advocacy, Communication, and Self-Mobilization” which are workshops framed to outreach to the majority of the communities to encourage testing. Potential reword: Citizens attending religious sermons were able to be distribute information about tuberculosis and inform their communities on where to seek treatment and how to adhere to treatment protocols

This strategy, formally known as DOTS-plus, is considered successful at removing unfamiliar barriers because the outreach was designed from within the familiar customs that people were used to. By partnering with churches, health officials were able to target the masses and provide accurate information without the fear of getting tested.

Potential Rephrase of beginning:

From 2005-2009, the IPHO-Maguindanao, a governmental organization in Maguindanao, Philippines, partnered with the Catholic Relief Services to increase tuberculosis awareness. C atholic Relief Services implemented a USAID-assisted project to provide funding for tuberculosis testing. Additionally, they launched an "Advocacy, Communication, and Self-Mobilization" project featuring workshops to encourage testing in communities. Citizens who were attending....

Notes:



India:
In 1906, India opened its first air sanatorium for treatment and isolation of TB patients. However, the World Health Organization review noted the national program in India, which lacked funding and treatment regimens, could not report accurate tuberculosis case management. This sentence was confusing - not sure if i interpreted correctly so it may need to be rephrased. By 1945, there were successful immunization screenings due to campaigns that helped spread messages about the prevention of disease. This was also around the same time that the World Health Organization declared tuberculosis to be a global emergency and recommended countries adopt the DOTS strategy.

Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand:
In Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Indonesia, there is a diagnostic treatment for latent tuberculosis treatment for children below 5 years of age. the IGRA Approach is used in tuberculosis burden countries, which is highly accurate but also expensive and technologically complex for immunocompromised patients. These developing countries were unable to get rid of tuberculosis effectively because the national health policies did not cover screening and testing for tuberculosis. There were also no programs in place to educate citizens and provide training for healthcare workers. Without the mobilization of sufficient resources and the backing of  sustainable government funding, these developing countries failed to adequately provide the treatment and resources necessary to combat tuberculosis.

Notes


 * this definitely needs some more sources

Vietnam:
According to WHO, Vietnam ranks 13th on the list of 22 countries with the highest tuberculosis burden in the world. Nearly 400 new cases of TB and 55 deaths occur each day in Vietnam. In 1989, the Ministry of Health in Vietnam addressed the tuberculosis burden by establishing the National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases and implemented the DOTS strategy as a national priority. Vietnam’s health service system consists of four different levels: the central level headed by the Ministry of Health (MOH), provincial health services, district health services, and commune health centers”. These departments worked with the National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases to ensure that there were treatment and prevention plans for long term reduction of tuberculosis. In 2002, Vietnam also implemented a communication plan to provide accurate educational information in order to respond to any barriers or misperceptions about tuberculosis treatment. The government worked with the World Health Organization, Center for Disease and Control Prevention, and local medical non-profits such as Friends for International Tuberculosis Relief to provide information about the causes of TB, sources of infection, how it is transmitted, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. The National Tuberculosis Control Program works closely with the primary health care system at the central, provincial, district, and commune levels which has proven to be an incredibly imperative measure of success.

Notes:

See edit suggestions from the other page

Tuberculosis Non-Profit
Friends for International TB Relief is a small non-governmental organization whose mission is to help assist in tuberculosis prevention and the spreading of TB. FIT not only diagnoses patients, but also provides preventative tuberculosis detection in order to pilot a comprehensive patient-centered TB program that aims to stop TB transmission and reduce suffering. The organization focuses on island screening due to the high level of risk and burden the population faces. Through its method of search, treat, prevent, and integrative sustainability, FIT is working closely with most of the population on the island (roughly 2022 patients), and partnered with the Ho Chi Minh City Public Health Association on a pilot that provides active community outreach, patient-centric care and stakeholder engagement.

Located in Ha Noi, the National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases is responsible for the direction and management of TB control activities at the central level. The Institute supports the MOH in developing TB- related strategies, and in handling management and professional guidelines for the system. The provincial level centers diagnose, treat, and manage patients, implement TB policies issued by the NTP, and develop action plans under the guidelines of the Provincial Health Bureau and the provincial TB control committees. The districts are capable of detecting TB and treating patients. All districts have physicians specializing in TB, laboratories, and X-ray equipment and have either a TB department or a TB-communicable diseases department in the district hospital. The district level is also responsible for implementing and monitoring the NTP, and the supervision and management of TB programs in the communes. The commune level provides treatment as prescribed by the district level, administering drugs, and vaccinating children. In TB control, village health workers play critically important roles in identifying suspected TB patients, conducting counseling for examination and tests, paying home visits to patients undergoing treatment, and reporting problems in monthly meetings with the CHC.


 * based on what i've seen in other articles, i think its considered bias to have an entire section on one organization
 * I think it'd make more sense to mention this organization somewhere and link it to a separate article just on the organization.

Debate: DOTS vs Community Approach
Structural violence perpetuates suffering and poverty because it renders systemic issues in impoverished countries to be indoctrinated in the countries’ ideologies, thus making them unsolvable. source Our willingness to accept these social differences in cultures sustain “illusions that most notably [conflate] poverty and cultural differences”. Structural violence addresses how tuberculosis, social inequality, healthcare inaccessibility, and poverty are interconnected. Tuberculosis is a preventable and curable disease but structural conditions continue to affect populations and the quality of life. This all sounds vague and kind of unrelated to the topic? Also needs a source. For example, according to the World Health Organization, “there are 3 million unreported cases of national tuberculosis patients”. Although the DOTS approach has dramatically reduced the amount of people suffering from tuberculosis, the disparity between developing countries and first-world countries is too vast to go unnoticed and unconfronted. This has more of an argumentative rather than encyclopedic tone.

The debate about concerns over the DOTS strategy is that the program does not do enough to address fundamental problems that persist in developing countries. <- Potential rephrase: Criticism of the DOTS strategy typically notes its failure to address structural issues developing countries face. These core issues are what perpetuate unsanitary working conditions which allow for microorganisms to manage the daily lives of people. Paul Farmer, a physician dedicated to eradicating tuberculosis, argues that  “the global spread of TB and its drug-resistant strains by pointing to the dispositions of individual patients amounts to ‘immodest claims of causality’ that do not address the true roots of disease and suffering” Farmer shifts the blame for the prevalence of tuberculosis amongst marginalized populations as a result of ‘social forces’ which aims to restructure the sociological, cultural, and economic factors that a patient coexists in.

Notes


 * this section doesn't explicitly say anything about the community approach so maybe change the title

DOTS Strategy:
The World Health Organization launched the DOTS program to address the global emergency of increasing tuberculosis cases. The DOTS treatment consists of five strategic elements for administering TB treatment.

Maybe think about putting these strategies as a numbered list or bullet points so its not a wall of text

The first element of DOTS involves creating increased sustainable financial services and a short and long term plan provided by the government, dedicated to eliminating tuberculosis. The World Health Organization helps mobilize funding to reduce poverty standards that will prevent tuberculosis. The second component of the DOTS strategy is case detection, which involves improving the accuracy of laboratory tests for bacteriology and improving communication from labs to doctors and patients. The third strategy is to provide standard treatment and patient support. The guidelines to adhere to adequate treatment involve providing pharmaceutical drugs that will help eliminate tuberculosis and instituting follow-up check-ups to ensure that tuberculosis is not a deterring factor in a patient’s life. There are many cultural barriers as many patients might continue to work under horrible horrible isn't really a neutral word - maybe go with unsanitary, unsafe, etc. living conditions or not have enough money to pay for the treatments. Start new sentence; Programs that provide stipends and incentives to allow citizens to seek treatment  are also necessary. ( Saying "government must" implies a political ideology) The fourth element to the DOTS approach is to have a management program that supplies antibiotics. The antibiotics should be free for tuberculosis patients and there should be a sustainable long term supply of reliable drugs. <- this sentence has an opinionated tone - rephrase to be more neutral esp. the part about antibiotics being free. Lastly, the fifth component is to record and monitor treatment plans in order to ensure that the DOTS approach is effective. The DOTS approach not only aims to provide structure for tuberculosis programs, but also to ensure that citizens diagnosed with tuberculosis adhere to protocols which will prevent future bacterial infections.

Notes


 * maybe change the order of some of these sections - its kind of confusing to see DOTS mentioned a lot but defined specifically later in the overall article

Dots-PLUS Strategy:
Community engagement is a new approach that is being initiated alongside the DOTS individualized treatment. This new approach is called the DOTS-plus model which creates a community for health workers to give support to patients and hospital faculty. The DOTS-plus model also incorporates psychological structural support treatments to help accommodate patients to ensure completion of treatment. Treatment with the new strategy is a total duration of 18-24 months.