User:Chynichart/sandbox

Article Evaluation -- "Slavery in the United States"

Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you? - Everything in the article is relevant to the article's topic. Nothing distracted me because everything has relevance to the topic of slavery in the United States.

Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? - The article is very neutral and objective.

Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented? - I think every viewpoint is provided with just enough information in the article.

Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article? - I checked 3 citations. Only one of those 3 links actually worked and supported the claim in the article.

Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted? - The further references that I checked are reliable and neutral.

Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added? - Nothing is out of date because slavery ended hundreds of years ago, so all of the information in the article is referencing the past.

Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic? - On the talk page, there is a discussion that references how certain topics in the article should be worded for readers.

How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects? - This article has been giving all B ratings. It is a part of 5 WikiProjects.

How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class? - We have not discussed this topic in class yet other than the fact that slavery is a violation of human rights. Chynichart (talk) 22:09, 31 August 2017 (UTC)Chyna Hartwell

Contents
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 * 1Adding to an article
 * 2Two-paragraph Justification
 * 3Outline of "We're going to defend ourselves" by Jules Boykoff and Martha Gies
 * 4Outline of My Wiki Contribution
 * 5Draft of My Contribution

Adding to an article[edit]
The media was drawn to the party’s appearance and constantly overlooked the goals and welfare programs that had been put in place. Media coverage of the Portland Panthers came to an end in 1973, seven years before the Black Panther Party Free Health Clinic closed.

Two-paragraph Justification[edit]
Media Image of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense

The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense was formed in 1966 by collegiate students. They were known for exercising their Constitutional right to bare arms in an act of self-defense against police brutality. The Black Panthers were also the founders of many programs in African American communities, such as the Free Breakfast for Children and health clinics. The Party originated in California, but chapters began to emerge all throughout the United States. The Black Panthers were antagonized by the U.S. government. In particular, FBI director J. Edgar Hoover developed the Counter Intelligence Program (COINTELPRO) to better observe the activities of the Party. This gave the Black Panthers a bad connotation and caused the American people to negate the actions that the Black Panthers were taking in their communities. So, I will be contributing a new section in an article that describes the media portrayal of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense.

The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense changes the way we understand human rights in history because they were actively working to defend their human rights along with everyone else in the African American community. Their media image during that time period made it slightly difficult for the American people to fully understand their true intentions. Their experiences are relevant to the present because the same human rights issues are still present. Police brutality is still prevalent in today's society and the groups that attempt to defend themselves and promote justice, such as Black Lives Matter, are receiving the same treatment that the Black Panthers received in the 1960s. I know that there is sufficient research to conduct this project because I have been researching the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense for about two years now.

Bibliography

Black Panther Alumni. "The Black Panther Party Ten Point Platform & Program." itsabouttimebpp.com. http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/home/bpp_program_platform.html (accessed September 27, 2017)

Collier, Andrea. "The Black Panthers: Revolutionaries, Free Breakfast Pioneers." nationalgeographic.com. http://theplate.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/04/the-black-panthers-revolutionaries-free-breakfast-pioneers/ (accessed September 27, 2017)

Federal Bureau of Investigation. "FBI Records: The Vault." vault.fbi.gov. https://vault.fbi.gov/Black%20Panther%20Party%20 (accessed September 27, 2017)

Potorti, Mary. "Feeding Revolution: The Black Panthe Party and the Politics of Food." radical teacher.library.pitt.edu. https://radicalteacher.library.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/radicalteacher/article/viewFile/80/44 (accessed September 27, 2017)

Wood, Adrian. "The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense." socialistalternative.org. https://www.socialistalternative.org/panther-black-rebellion/the-black-panther-party-for-self-defense/ (accessed September 27, 2017)

Outline of "We're going to defend ourselves" by Jules Boykoff and Martha Gies[edit]
- Subtitle: The Portland Chapter of the Black Panther Party and the Local Media Response

- Media is vital in the formation of conversations about the Black Panther Party (BPP) ~ media accounts prime the public to think in certain ways

~ media frames help us make sense of the world

~ for social movements, positive media coverage is crucial for collective action - The BPP had a 10 Point Program

- FBI and local law enforcement actively worked to dismantle BPP programs

- The media was attracted to the BPP's militarized appearance ~ causing the media to generally ignore the goals and social welfare programs of the BPP - By Fall of 1969 ---> began free breakfast for children program

- January 1970 ---> free health clinic opened

- Oregon's media coverage of the BPP ceased in 1973 ~ 7 years before the free health clinics closed - BPP was portrayed in 3 frames ~ Criminality, Violent, and Community Organizers - Criminality Frame ~ many media outlets portrayed BPP as a criminal entity ~ the media informed the public of alleged infractions carried out by Party members, even when the allegations and arrests did not translate into charges or convictions ~ Rather than reporting on such positive outcomes, Oregon newspapers tended to highlight alleged criminality - Violence Frame ~ the Black Panther Party was frequently depicted as engaging in violence or threatening to undertake violent acts — such as arson, shootings, or beatings — and instigating violent clashes with the police - Community Organizer Frame ~ the media also covered the Black Panther Party and Portland Committee to Combat Fascism’s proposal to revamp the Portland Police Bureau’s organizational system -Media frames shape our political attitudes by swaying the amount of importance we ascribe to particular beliefs

-It can be seen as a serious omission that both Portland dailies failed to recognize and record three important things: the black community’s frustration with what they saw as routine police brutality, a frustration that directly led to the formation of the Black Panther Party chapter in Portland; the courage required for young African-American men and women to mount a campaign of self-defense; and the idealism that lay behind the Party’s community programs for nutrition and health

Source: Jules Boykoff and Martha Gies. “‘We’re going to defend ourselves’: The Portland Chapter of the Black Panther Party and the Local Media Response”. Oregon Historical Society 2010. Page 278-311.

Outline of My Wiki Contribution[edit]
TOPIC: Media Image of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense

~ I will be creating a new Wikipedia entry. My entry will be considered a stub.

• Background Info:

o Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale established the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in Oakland, California in 1966. The name of this party comes from the phenomenon in nature where the black panther does not strike unless an aggressor strikes first. The sole purpose of this organization was to take action against the oppression of African Americans. The Black Panther Party (BPP) was dedicated to community activism and providing social services to those in need. o Media outlets in the United States depicted the BPP in various frames:

      - Criminality       - Violence       - Community Organizers o American citizens were tasked with interpreting what they wanted to believe as the truth  The media is essential in influencing the citizens of a nation. It helps people to come to terms with what is going on in the world around them. It persuades some people to accept some ideas and beliefs while rejecting others. Any social or political movement requires media coverage to stay afloat.

Draft of My Contribution
= Media Image of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense =

Background Information
Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale established the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in Oakland, California in 1966. (Organizers drew the name from the phenomenon in which . . . ?) The name of this party comes from the phenomenon in nature where the black panther does not strike unless an aggressor strikes first. The sole purpose of this organization was to take action against the oppression of African Americans. The Black Panther Party (BPP) was dedicated to community activism and providing social services to those in need. Media outlets in the United States depicted the BPP in various frames: Criminality, Violence, and Community Organizers. American citizens were tasked with interpreting what they wanted to believe as the truth. The media is essential in influencing the citizens of a nation (this part get very vague; be more specific about media and the BPP in these last sentences). It helps people to come to terms with what is going on in the world around them. It persuades some people to accept some ideas and beliefs while rejecting others. Any social or political movement requires media coverage to stay afloat.

Criminality 
On May 2, 1967, the Black Panthers caught the attention of the national media when they marched on the California State Capitol. On May 2, 1967, thirty members of the party occupied California’s Capitol Building. They were dressed in all black with their guns in hand. The Panthers carried guns in order to “police” the police officers in their communities to ensure that no brutality occurred without retaliation. The purpose of this march was to protest a bill that was going to be put in place to keep the Panthers from possessing guns. The bill was eventually passed and became known as the Mulford Act (cite! link!). It was named after a Republican assemblyman, Don Mulford. The media particularly focused on the negative interactions between party members and the police (can you give an example here).

Violence 
People took offense to the defensive, militant posture of the party. The media gave citizens the idea that the party was simply comprised of violent, weapon wielding African Americans. This perception ignited the requests for law and order throughout the country. In fact, the Black Panthers were all but violent. They were very adamant about utilizing their spoken words as weapons (again, examples here would be helpful).

Community Organizers
The Black Panthers had to work endlessly to get media coverage for their Free Breakfast for Children Program. The party is well known for its work in the North, on the west coast, and in inner cities.African Americans across the United States visualized the Panthers’ efforts that were shown in the media. More and more men and women gained interest in joining the party. The Black Panthers enticed the media by saying and doing things that they thought journalists and photographers would want the rest of the country to see.

Response to Peer Review
= Media Image of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense = Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale established the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in Oakland, California in 1966. Organizers drew the name from the phenomenon in nature in which the black panther does not strike unless an aggressor strikes first. The sole purpose of this organization was to take action against the oppression of African Americans. The Black Panther Party (BPP) was dedicated to community activism and providing social services to those in need. Media outlets in the United States depicted the BPP in various frames: Criminality, Violence, and Community Organizers. American citizens were tasked with interpreting what they wanted to believe as the truth. The media is essential in influencing the citizens of a nation. The media helps people come to terms with what is going on in the world around them. It persuades some people to accept some ideas and beliefs while rejecting others. Any social or political movement requires media coverage to stay afloat. The media coverage of the BPP had many effects on the United States' perception of the party.

Criminality
On May 2, 1967, the Black Panthers caught the attention of the national media when they marched on the California State Capitol. On May 2, 1967, thirty members of the party occupied California’s Capitol Building. They were dressed in all black with their guns in hand. The Panthers carried guns in order to “police” the police officers in their communities to ensure that no brutality occurred without retaliation. The purpose of this march was to protest a bill that was going to be put in place to keep the Panthers from possessing guns. The bill was eventually passed and became known as the Mulford Act. It was named after a Republican assemblyman, Don Mulford. The media particularly focused on the negative interactions between party members and the police. For example, when Fred Hampton and Mark Clark were killed by police officers as they were asleep, the police officers involved reported that hundreds of shots were exchanged in a fierce gun battle even though ballistics reports prove that only one bullet was fired from the Panther members.

Violence
People took offense to the defensive, militant posture of the party. The media gave citizens the idea that the party was simply comprised of violent, weapon wielding African Americans. This perception ignited the requests for law and order throughout the country. In fact, the Black Panthers were all but violent. They were very adamant about utilizing their spoken words as weapons. For instance, the Black Panthers used their very own newspaper and demonstrations in order to recruit members.

Community Organizers
The Black Panthers had to work endlessly to get media coverage for their Free Breakfast for Children Program. The party is well known for its work in the North, on the west coast, and in inner cities.African Americans across the United States visualized the Panthers’ efforts that were shown in the media. More and more men and women gained interest in joining the party. The Black Panthers enticed the media by saying and doing things that they thought journalists and photographers would want the rest of the country to see.
 * 1) Jump up ^
 * 2) Jump up ^  Check date values in:   (help)
 * 3) Jump up ^ Boykoff, Jules; Gies, Martha. "“We’re going to defend ourselves” The Portland Chapter of the Black Panther Party and the Local Media Response" (PDF). Oregon Historical Society. Retrieved 26 October 2017.